AUTHOR=Mozhegova Ekaterina , Khattak Asad Masood , Khan Adil , Garaev Roman , Rasheed Bader , Anwar Muhammad Shahid TITLE=Assessing the adversarial robustness of multimodal medical AI systems: insights into vulnerabilities and modality interactions JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1606238 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1606238 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=The emergence of both task-specific single-modality models and general-purpose multimodal large models presents new opportunities, but also introduces challenges, particularly regarding adversarial attacks. In high-stakes domains like healthcare, these attacks can severely undermine model reliability and their applicability in real-world scenarios, highlighting the critical need for research focused on adversarial robustness. This study investigates the behavior of multimodal models under various adversarial attack scenarios. We conducted experiments involving two modalities: images and texts. Our findings indicate that multimodal models exhibit enhanced resilience against adversarial attacks compared to their single-modality counterparts. This supports our hypothesis that the integration of multiple modalities contributes positively to the robustness of deep learning systems. The results of this research advance understanding in the fields of multimodality and adversarial robustness and suggest new avenues for future studies focused on optimizing data flow within multimodal systems.