AUTHOR=Teng Qibei , Yang Qianqian , Tao Zhizhi , Huang Jinwen , Zhang Cheng , Shao Fangfei , Pan Wenjue , Zhao Xiujie , Xiao Haowen 

TITLE=Case Report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor exhibits dual benefits for a refractory lymphoma patient with disseminated mucormycosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1608828

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1608828

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Invasive mucormycosis contributes to a high mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies. When it disseminates to multiple organs, especially to the brain, the prognosis is extremely poor. The traditional antifungal strategies including surgery have less efficacy in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we describe a case report of a 62-year-old man with refractory lymphoma who developed mucormycosis caused by Rhizomucor pusillus after chemotherapy, which disseminated extensively to the lungs, diaphragm, brain and spleen. He was successfully treated with antifungal agents combined with PD-1 inhibitor, which may simultaneously exhibit efficacy in treatment of lymphoma and mucormycosis. The patient’s lymphoma and mucormycosis were well controlled; ultimately, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was successfully performed, and the patient achieved long-term survival.