AUTHOR=Zhou Xuan , Chen Qiaoling , Xiong Zhiyong , Wang Miao , Zhang Xiaoping 

TITLE=Giant renal angiomyolipoma unmasks underlying lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case report and literature review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1610464

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1610464

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an uncommon systemic disease that primarily affects women during their reproductive years and is often linked with renal angiomyolipoma (AML). In this report, we describe a case involving a 30-year-old female patient who presented with a large AML in her right kidney. Imaging revealed diffuse pulmonary cysts, raising clinical suspicion of LAM. The procedure was initially planned as a minimally invasive partial nephrectomy performed with robotic assistance but was converted to open radical nephrectomy due to excessive intraoperative bleeding. Histopathological analysis confirmed epithelioid AML, and genetic testing revealed a somatic TSC2 mutation, further supporting the diagnosis of sporadic LAM. This case highlights the need to consider LAM in young women with renal AML and emphasizes the value of multidisciplinary management in addressing such complex clinical scenarios.