AUTHOR=Ammour Maissa , Torchio Jade , Renaud Stéphane C. , Rubira Léa , Fersing Cyril 

TITLE=Specific reaction conditions for efficient automated 68Ga-radiolabeling of the FAP-2286 pseudopeptide on a GAIA® synthesizer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1628158

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2025.1628158

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionAutomated radiolabeling of gallium-68-labeled experimental radiopharmaceuticals is crucial for ensuring high reproducibility and regulatory compliance in clinical settings. FAP-2286, a promising DOTA-pseudopeptide targeting the tumor microenvironment, has demonstrated superior tumor retention compared to quinoline-based analogs, making it an attractive theranostic agent. This study aimed to optimize and automate the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-FAP-2286 on the GAIA® synthesizer, ensuring high radiochemical purity (RCP) and radiochemical yield (RCY).MethodsManual radiolabeling assays were initially performed to identify optimal reaction conditions, varying buffer, antioxidant, vector amount, heating time, and purification methods. The selected conditions were then adapted to an automated protocol using a GAIA® module. A strong cation exchange (SCX) cartridge for 68Ga pre-concentration and a solid-phase extraction (SPE) step for final purification were included in the process. RCY, RCP, and stability over 4 h were assessed using radio-HPLC and radio-TLC. Additionally, the applicability of the optimized automated method was evaluated for 3BP-3940, a structurally related pseudopeptide.ResultsInitial optimization studies identified sodium acetate buffer 0.1 M with methionine as an antioxidant, 25 μg of FAP-2286, and a 4-min heating time as the best manual radiolabeling conditions, achieving a RCP > 98%. In the automated synthesis, adjustments were made, including doubling the vector amount and extending heating to 9 min, resulting over three test-batches in a moderate RCY of 59.85 ± 3.73% and a RCP just over 94% up to 4 h after the end of synthesis. Importantly, the method was successfully transposed to [68Ga]Ga-3BP-3940, yielding better RCY (75.62 ± 11.76%), RCP and stability profiles (> 95.95% over 4 h).ConclusionThis study established a robust, automated protocol for the synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAP-2286, ensuring high purity, reproducibility, and compatibility with clinical applications. The method’s successful adaptation to 3BP-3940 highlights its versatility for such radiopharmaceuticals, supporting the broader implementation of automated theranostic agent production in nuclear medicine.