AUTHOR=Dakic Aleksandar , Boillot Adrien , Colliot Cyrille , Carra Maria-Clotilde , Czernichow Sébastien , Bouchard Philippe 

TITLE=Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans after Systemic Administration of Amoxicillin Plus Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01277

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01277

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objective:</bold> To evaluate the variations in the detection of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</italic> and/or <italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</italic> before and after systemic administration of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in association with non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).</p><p><bold>Background:</bold> The adjunctive use of antibiotics has been advocated to improve the clinical outcomes of NSPT. However, no systematic review has investigated the microbiological benefit of this combination.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> An electronic search was conducted up to December 2015. Randomized clinical trials comparing the number of patients testing positive for <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> and/or <italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</italic> before and after NSPT with (test group) or without (control group) amoxicillin plus metronidazole were included. The difference between groups in the variation of positive patients was calculated using the inverse variance method with a random effects model.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The frequency of patients positive for <italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</italic> was decreased by 30% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.002) and by 25% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.01) in the test group compared to the control group at 3- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. Similar findings were observed when considering the frequency of patients positive for <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</italic>, with a reduction by 28% (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001), 32% (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001), and 34% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03) in the test group compared to the control group at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up, respectively.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The systemic administration of amoxicillin plus metronidazole as an adjunct to NSPT significantly decreased the number of patients positive for <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> and <italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans</italic> compared with periodontal therapy alone or with a placebo.</p>