AUTHOR=Liu Rui , Hu Hangwei , Suter Helen , Hayden Helen L. , He Jizheng , Mele Pauline , Chen Deli 

TITLE=Nitrification Is a Primary Driver of Nitrous Oxide Production in Laboratory Microcosms from Different Land-Use Soils

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01373

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01373

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Most studies on soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions have focused either on the quantifying of agricultural N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes or on the effect of environmental factors on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, very limited information is available on how land-use will affect N<sub>2</sub>O production, and nitrifiers involved in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in agricultural soil ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the relative importance of nitrification and denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from different land-use soils and identifying the potential underlying microbial mechanisms. A <sup>15</sup>N-tracing experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions on four agricultural soils collected from different land-use. We measured N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes, nitrate (<inline-formula><mml:math id="M1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>NO</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></inline-formula>), and ammonium (<inline-formula><mml:math id="M2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>NH</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></inline-formula>) concentration and <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>O, <sup>15</sup><inline-formula><mml:math id="M3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>NO</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></inline-formula>, and <sup>15</sup><inline-formula><mml:math id="M4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>NH</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math></inline-formula> enrichment during the incubation. Quantitative PCR was used to quantify ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Our results showed that nitrification was the main contributor to N<sub>2</sub>O production in soils from sugarcane, dairy pasture and cereal cropping systems, while denitrification played a major role in N<sub>2</sub>O production in the vegetable soil under the experimental conditions. Nitrification contributed to 96.7% of the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in sugarcane soil followed by 71.3% in the cereal cropping soil and 70.9% in the dairy pasture soil, while only around 20.0% of N<sub>2</sub>O was produced from nitrification in vegetable soil. The proportion of nitrified nitrogen as N<sub>2</sub>O (P<sub>N2O</sub>-value) varied across different soils, with the highest P<sub>N2O</sub>-value (0.26‰) found in the cereal cropping soil, which was around 10 times higher than that in other three systems. AOA were the abundant ammonia oxidizers, and were significantly correlated to N<sub>2</sub>O emitted from nitrification in the sugarcane soil, while AOB were significantly correlated with N<sub>2</sub>O emitted from nitrification in the cereal cropping soil. Our findings suggested that soil type and land-use might have strongly affected the relative contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O production from agricultural soils.</p>