AUTHOR=Campbell Mel , Yang Wan-Shan , Yeh Wayne W. , Kao Chen-Hsuan , Chang Pei-Ching 

TITLE=Epigenetic Regulation of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2020

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00850

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.00850

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic -herpesvirus that infects humans and exhibits a biphasic life cycle consisting of latent and lytic phases. Following entry into host cells the KSHV genome undergoes circularization and chromatinization into an extrachromosomal episome ultimately leading to the establishment of latency. Interestingly, the KSHV episome is organized into distinct chromatin domains marked by variations in repressive or activating epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation. Thus, the development of KSHV latency is believed to be governed by epigenetic regulation. In the past decade, interrogation of the KSHV epitome by genome-wide approaches revealed a complex epigenetic mark landscape across KSHV genome and showed the important regulatory role of epigenetic modification in modulating the development of KSHV latency. Here, we highlight many of the findings regarding the role of DNA methylation, histone modification, post-translational modification (PTM) of chromatin remodeling proteins and the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating KSHV latency development.