AUTHOR=Recacha Esther , Fox Valeria , Díaz-Díaz Sara , García-Duque Ana , Docobo-Pérez Fernando , Pascual Álvaro , Rodríguez-Martínez José Manuel 

TITLE=Disbalancing Envelope Stress Responses as a Strategy for Sensitization of Escherichia coli to Antimicrobial Agents

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.653479

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.653479

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Disbalancing envelope stress responses was investigated as a strategy for sensitization of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> to antimicrobial agents. Seventeen isogenic strains were selected from the KEIO collection with deletions in genes corresponding to the σ<sup>E</sup>, Cpx, Rcs, Bae, and Psp responses. Antimicrobial activity against 20 drugs with different targets was evaluated by disk diffusion and gradient strip tests. Growth curves and time-kill curves were also determined for selected mutant-antimicrobial combinations. An increase in susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, ertapenem, and fosfomycin was detected. Growth curves for Psp response mutants showed a decrease in optical density (OD) using sub-MIC concentrations of ceftazidime and aztreonam (Δ<italic>pspA</italic> and Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutants), cefepime (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> and Δ<italic>pspC</italic> mutants) and ertapenem (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutant). Time-kill curves were also performed using 1xMIC concentrations of these antimicrobials. For ceftazidime, 2.9 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspA</italic> mutant) and 0.9 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutant) decreases were observed at 24 and 8 h, respectively. For aztreonam, a decrease of 3.1 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspA</italic> mutant) and 4 log10<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutant) was shown after 4–6 h. For cefepime, 4.2 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutant) and 2.6 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspC</italic> mutant) decreases were observed at 8 and 4 h, respectively. For ertapenem, a decrease of up to 6 log<sub>10</sub> (Δ<italic>pspB</italic> mutant) was observed at 24 h. A deficient Psp envelope stress response increased <italic>E. coli</italic> susceptibility to beta-lactam agents such as cefepime, ceftazidime, aztreonam and ertapenem. Its role in repairing extensive inner membrane disruptions makes this pathway essential to bacterial survival, so that disbalancing the Psp response could be an appropriate target for sensitization strategies.</p>