AUTHOR=Ren Zhihua , Yu Yueru , Chen Chaoxi , Yang Dingyong , Ding Ting , Zhu Ling , Deng Junliang , Xu Zhiwen 

TITLE=The Triangle Relationship Between Long Noncoding RNA, RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Glycolysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.807737

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.807737

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=LncRNA, a non-coding RNA over 200 nt in length, can regulate glycolysis through metabolic pathways, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic reprogramming. Upon viral infection, increased aerobic glycolysis provides material and energy for viral replication. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is the only protein specified downstream of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) that bridges the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis. Lactate binding to RIG-I inhibits MAVS binding to HK2 (Hexokinase), thereby impairing glycolysis, while excess lactate production inhibits MAVS and the downstream antiviral immune response, facilitating viral replication. LncRNAs can also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interacting with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways and by regulating the expression of interferons and ISGs. Altogether, we summarize the relationship between glycolysis, antiviral immunity, and lncRNAs, and propose that lncRNAs interact with glycolysis and antiviral pathways, providing a new perspective for the future treatment against COVID-19.