AUTHOR=Ong Jemi , Godfrey Rose , Nazarian Alexa , Tam Joshua , Isaacson Brad M. , Pasquina Paul F. , Williams Dustin L. 

TITLE=Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance between antimicrobial blue light, levofloxacin, and rifampin

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 14 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158558

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158558

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=Bacterial biofilms readily develop on all medical implants, including percutaneous osseointegrated (OI) implants. With the growing rate of antibiotic resistance, exploring alternative options for managing biofilm-related infections is necessary. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) is a unique therapy that can potentially manage biofilm-related infections at the skin-implant interface of OI implants. Antibiotics are known to have antimicrobial efficacy disparities between the planktonic and biofilm bacterial phenotypes, but it is unknown if this characteristic also pertains to aBL. We determined minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and antibiofilm efficacies for aBL, levofloxacin, and rifampin against \textit{Staphylococcus aureus} ATCC 6538 planktonic and biofilm bacteria. These data were used to compare efficacy disparity profiles amongst the three independent treatments and a levofloxacin + rifampin combination. aBL had the most significant efficacy disparity between the planktonic and biofilm phenotypes (a 2.5 log\textsubscript{10} unit difference). The disparity indicated phenotype might be essential component to consider in using aBL to treat OI implant infections. Future research would benefit from expanding these findings against clinical \textit{S. aureus} isolates and other bacterial strains.