AUTHOR=Peng Jingyi , Cai Kun , Chen Guanglei , Liu Linxiao , Peng Lili 

TITLE=Genetic evidence strengthens the bidirectional connection between gut microbiota and Shigella infection: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361927

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361927

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=Background: In recent investigations, substantial strides have been made in the precise modulation of the gut microbiota to prevent and treat a myriad of diseases.Simultaneously, the pressing issue of widespread antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance resulting from Shigella infections demands urgent attention. Several studies suggest that the antagonistic influence of the gut microbiota could serve as a novel avenue for impeding the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms or treating Shigella infections. However, conventional research methodologies encounter inherent challenges in identifying antagonistic microbial agents against Shigella, necessitating a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the causal relationship between Shigella infections and the gut microbiota.Utilizing the aggregated summary statistics from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), we conducted Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses encompassing 18,340 participants to explore the interplay between the gut microbiota and Shigella infections. This investigation also involved 83 cases of Shigella infection patients and 336,396 control subjects. In the positive strand of our findings, we initially performed a preliminary analysis using the Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method. Subsequently, we undertook sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results, addressing confounding factors' influence. This involved employing the Leave-One-Out method and scrutinizing funnel plots to ensure the reliability of the MR analysis outcomes. Conclusively, a reverse MR analysis was carried out, employing the Wald ratio method due to the exposure of individual Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). This was undertaken to explore the plausible associations between Shigella infections and genetically predicted compositions of the gut microbiota.In this study, we employed 2,818 SNPs associated with 211 species of gut microbiota as instrumental variables (IVs). Through IVW analysis, our positive MR findings revealed a significant negative correlation between the occurrence of Shigella infections and the phylum Tenericutes (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.74, P = 0.02), class Mollicutes (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.74, P = 0.02), genus Intestinimonas (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.63, P = 0.01), genus Gordonibacter (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16-0.93, P = 0.03), and genus Butyrivibrio (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.87, P = 0.02). Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between the occurrence of Shigella infections and