AUTHOR=Zhao JingChao , Yang Wen , Deng Hui , Li Dong , Wang QianYong , Yi LingXian , Kuang QiHong , Xu Rui , Li Di , Li RuoNan , Yu DaoJin , Yang Bo 

TITLE=Matrine reverses the resistance of Haemophilus parasuis to cefaclor by inhibiting the mutations in penicillin-binding protein genes (ftsI and mrcA)

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364339

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364339

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Matrine (MT) is a potential resistance reversal agent. However, it remains unclear whether MT can reverse the resistance of <italic>Haemophilus parasuis</italic> (<italic>H. parasuis</italic>) to β-lactams, and, if so, by what mechanism MT works.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We screened one cefaclor (CEC)-resistant strain (clinical strain C7) from eight clinical (<italic>H. parasuis</italic>) strains and determined the underlying resistance mechanism. Then, we investigated the reversal effect of MTon the resistance of this strain to CEC.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and Discussion</title><p>The production of β-lactamase, overexpression of AcrAB-TolC system, and formation of biofilm might not be responsible for the resistance of clinical strain C7 to CEC. Fourteen mutation sites were found in four PBP genes (<italic>ftsI, pbp1B, mrcA</italic>, and <italic>prcS</italic>) of clinical strain C7, among which the mutation sites located in <italic>ftsI</italic> (Y<sub>103</sub>D and L<sub>517</sub>R) and <italic>mrcA</italic> (A<sub>639</sub>V) genes triggered the resistance to CEC. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CEC against clinical strain C7 was reduced by two to eight folds after MT treatment, accompanied by the significant down-regulated expression of mutated <italic>ftsI</italic> and <italic>mrcA</italic> genes. Based on such results, we believed that MT could reverse the resistance of <italic>H. parasuis</italic> to CEC by inhibiting the mutations in <italic>ftsI</italic> and <italic>mrcA</italic> genes. Our research would provide useful information for restoring the antimicrobial activity of β-lactams and improving the therapeutic efficacy of Glässer’s disease.</p></sec>