AUTHOR=Zhao Kairui , Du Shuheng , Tian Linlin , Wang Shenping , Shi Runqin , Sun Haiyu , Zhou Yao , Huang Chenhao , Sun Yanmei , Wang Shiwei , Chen Yaodong 

TITLE=Bacteriophage P1 protein Icd inhibits bacterial division by targeting FtsZ

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533694

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533694

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=The study of bacteriophage (phage) gene products and their effects on the host helps to better understand the phage-host relationship and provides clues for the development of new antimicrobial proteins. In this study, we focused on a small protein named Icd with 73 amino acids from phage P1. It inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli and rapidly blocks the formation of Z-ring. The results of bacterial two-hybrid and pull-down experiments showed that Icd directly targets FtsZ, a key protein in bacterial division. Furthermore, we identified the core region of Icd as amino acids 12–51; this 40-amino acid protein had similar antibacterial activity to the full-length Icd, inhibiting bacterial growth and division.