AUTHOR=Vitari Nicolas , Roy Sabita 

TITLE=Intestinal immunoglobulins under microbial dysbiosis: implications in opioid-induced microbial dysbiosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1580661

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2025.1580661

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=Intestinal immunoglobulins (Igs) maintain homeostasis between the microbiome and host. IgA facilitates microbial balance through a variety of increasingly well-described mechanisms. However, IgM and IgG have less defined intestinal functions but have the potential to activate clearance mechanisms such as the complement system and receptor-mediated bacterial killing. Very little is known regarding the role of Igs under microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we explore how Igs sculpt the intestinal microbiome and respond to microbial dysbiosis. We discuss how IgM, IgA, IgG, and complement individually maintain harmony with the microbiome and consider how these mechanisms could work in synergy. Finally, we explore using an opioid-induced microbial dysbiosis as a model to elucidate immediate changes in Ig-bacterial interactions.