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        <title>Frontiers in Microbiomes | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiomes</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Microbiomes | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-11-08T18:05:34.741+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1974573</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1974573</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Host-associated microbiomes act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in Mediterranean coastal waters]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-11-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Giulia Gionchetta</author><author>Elisabet Alacid</author><author>Jesús Zarcero</author><author>Margarita Fernandez-Tejedor</author><author>Jessica Subirats</author><author>Marta Turon</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionUnderstanding how host-associated microbiomes contribute to the environmental ecology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major challenge for coastal One Health surveillance. We compared seawater, commercially farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and the invasive ascidian Styela plicata to assess differences in microbiome composition, resistomes, mobilomes, and putative pathobiomes across interconnected coastal compartments.MethodsSamples collected from Mediterranean coastal environments were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR targeting 71 AMR determinants, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs).ResultsHost-associated microbiomes were consistently distinct from surrounding seawater and remained comparatively stable across sampling periods. Seawater exhibited greater richness of AMR determinants, whereas mussels and ascidians harboured higher relative abundances of ARGs, MGEs, and several clinically relevant resistance determinants. AMR profile composition differed significantly among biotypes but only partially mirrored microbiome structure, indicating that bacterial community composition alone does not explain resistance gene organization. Putative pathogenic bacterial communities also differed among biotypes, with mussels enriched in several human-associated genera whose abundances positively correlated with ARGs.DiscussionAlthough these associations do not demonstrate genetic linkage or pathogenicity, they identify host-associated microbiomes as ecologically relevant compartments where clinically relevant resistance determinants, mobile genetic elements, and bacterial genera containing recognized human-associated or opportunistic pathogens coexist. Our findings demonstrate that marine invertebrates complement seawater for environmental AMR surveillance and support their inclusion in integrated coastal One Health monitoring strategies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.2016564</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.2016564</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pharmacomicrobiomics of GLP-1 receptor agonist gastrointestinal tolerability: integrating host genetics and the gut microbiome]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Shreyas V. Kumbhare</author><author>Inti Pedroso</author><author>Ranjan Sinha</author><author>Daniel E. Almonacid</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation, remain a dominant barrier to the sustained use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), driving discontinuation independently of the drug’s metabolic benefits. Two host-side biological systems have been independently established as determinants of this variability. The first is host genetics, anchored by a 2026 genome-wide association study in which GLP1R variants predicted both weight-loss efficacy and nausea or vomiting risk, while a GIPR signal for vomiting was restricted to tirzepatide users. The second system is the gut microbiome, which regulates endogenous GLP-1 secretion through short-chain fatty acid and bile acid signaling and is itself reshaped by GLP-1 RA exposure. Pharmacomicrobiomics integrates host genetic and microbiome data to explain drug response. In the literature surveyed for this review, these two determinants are consistently examined in parallel rather than jointly: we did not identify a study, in GLP-1 RA therapy or in another drug class, that fit a ‘host-genotype-by-microbiome’ interaction model against a drug tolerability outcome. Published methodological studies have suggested why such a study would be challenging: both interaction detection and the measurement unreliability associated with single-timepoint microbiome profiling impose substantial sample size penalties. This review summarizes what host genetics and the microbiome individually do and do not explain about GLP-1 RA tolerability, and describes the study design features, paired genotyping, repeat-sample metagenomics, and prospective symptom capture that a future joint analysis would require.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1960004</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1960004</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gut dysbiosis and brain cancer: exploring the emerging role of sweeteners and food additives]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-27T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Maryam Sohail</author><author>Aiza Tanveer Hassan</author><author>Moomena Gulzar</author><author>Noor Numan</author><author>Alice Njolke Mafe</author><author>Dietrich Büsselberg</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most aggressive primary brain malignancy, with a median survival of approximately 15 months, and its rising incidence has increased interest in modifiable dietary risk factors. Despite growing evidence that food additives disrupt gut microbial ecology and that gut dysbiosis influences neuro-oncological pathways, no previous review has systematically integrated these findings through the gut–brain axis. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from studies on food additives, gut microbiome, and glioblastoma to identify shared mechanistic pathways. Across five additive categories (artificial sweeteners, food colorants, preservatives, nanoparticles, and emulsifiers), a common dysbiotic signature emerged, characterized by depletion of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, disruption of tryptophan metabolism, and impairment of intestinal and blood–brain barrier integrity. These changes converged on neuroinflammatory, immunosuppressive, and oncogenic pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and m6A-mediated epigenetic reprogramming. Among all additives reviewed, aspartame provided the most complete hypothesized mechanistic sequence linking gut dysbiosis, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and m6A-mediated upregulation of glioblastoma-associated genes, highlighting a plausible microbiome–epigenetic axis that warrants further investigation. These findings position food additives as biologically active modulators of the gut–brain axis with potential relevance to glioblastoma pathogenesis and provide a mechanistic framework to guide future microbiome-informed prevention, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1983174</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1983174</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microbiome-mitochondria crosstalk in neuro-oncology: molecular mechanisms, immunometabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic opportunities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Debabrata Dash</author><author>Muskan Rajak</author><author>Priyanka Manothiya</author><author>Raj Kumar Koiri</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Although the gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of metabolic, immune, and neurophysiological functions, and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a hallmark of metabolic flexibility, oxidative stress, and resistance to therapy in cancers, the role of microbiome-derived cues and mitochondrial processes in brain tumors remains poorly understood. The Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Mitochondria Axis in Neuro-Oncology provides a framework for understanding metabolism and immunity in neuro-oncology by highlighting this axis and emphasizing its role in glioblastoma. Metabolites produced by the microbiome, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acid metabolites, tryptophan metabolites, and other microbial compounds, have been shown to affect the immune system, barrier function, cellular metabolism, and neural signaling. Mitochondria are capable of functioning as intracellular communication mechanisms that will help to decipher those signals in order to create energy, ROS, calcium communication, biogenesis of mitochondria, quality control, and apoptosis. These processes may contribute to metabolic plasticity in glioblastomas, including glycolytic, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino- and lipid-metabolic adaptations, mitochondrial transfer, adaptation to hypoxia, tumor cell stemness, and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. The article also discusses the relationships between microbiome-derived cues, mitochondria, and tumor-associated immune populations. Microbiome-derived and mitochondrial biomarkers, combined with multi-omics approaches, single-cell technologies, spatial biology, artificial intelligence, and new experimental models, may help to identify relevant microbiome-mitochondria signatures. Modulating the microbiome, mitochondria, and combination therapies appears promising for glioblastomas. However, the causative link between microbiome-derived mitochondrial mechanisms and human brain tumors remains unproven. The necessity of prospective and mechanistic studies of the microbiome, mitochondria, metabolism, immunity, and clinical aspects arises.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1965062</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1965062</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The microbial aerial thread: co-restoring source and sink across dryland-urban gradients]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Albert Barberán</author><author>Elise S. Gornish</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Dryland ecosystems serve as major sources of atmospheric bioaerosols through aeolian transport of dust-associated microorganisms. These microbial communities are dispersed across vast distances, connecting dryland soils and vegetation to distant recipient ecosystems, particularly urban areas. This review synthesizes current understanding of microbial ecology in arid soils, microbial dispersal through dust, and interactions with urban ecosystems. We propose that restoration efforts should move beyond isolated, site-level interventions toward integrated strategies that account for the atmospheric connectivity between dryland source areas and urban sink environments. Practical restoration approaches, including dryland soil stabilization to reduce harmful dust emissions, microbial inoculant development, and urban green infrastructure designed to function as dispersal corridors, can generate cross-boundary synergies that enhance ecological resilience across the dryland–urban gradient. By reconceptualizing cities as nodes within broader ecological networks linked by microbial dispersal, and by leveraging insights from dryland ecology to guide urban restoration under resource-limited conditions, this framework offers a pathway for co-restoring connected landscapes in an era of accelerating urbanization and desertification.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1975060</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1975060</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dietary, lifestyle, and host determinants of microbiota-host interactions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Alma Haydee Astorga Gaxiola</author><author>Luis Martin Sánchez Magaña</author><author>Liliana León López</author><author>Cuauhtémoc Reyes Moreno</author><author>Saraid Mora Rochín</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem shaped by dietary factors, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and host characteristics, with important implications for metabolism, immune regulation, intestinal barrier function, and host–microbiota interactions. This narrative review examines how dietary patterns, specific food components, physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythms, aging, and medication exposure modulate gut microbial composition and function, with particular emphasis on interindividual variability and personalized nutrition. A literature search was conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar for publications from 2000 to 2026, with emphasis on recent peer-reviewed evidence. Current evidence indicates that dietary patterns and individual food components can modify microbial community structure, metabolic pathways, and bioactive metabolite production, although responses vary substantially across individuals. Physical activity may modify microbial ecology, intestinal physiology, barrier function, and microbial metabolism, whereas sleep disruption and circadian misalignment may alter microbial rhythmicity and host metabolic regulation. Aging and antibiotic exposure are associated with context-dependent changes in microbial composition, function, resilience, and, with antibiotics, the gut resistome. Across these determinants, interindividual variability emerges as a central feature driven by host characteristics, habitual diet, lifestyle, medication history, baseline microbiota, and microbial functional capacity. Personalized nutrition therefore represents a promising but evolving framework in which microbiome data may be integrated with host and environmental characteristics to predict differential responses. Future research should prioritize longitudinal human studies, standardized methodologies, multi-omics integration, and prospective validation of microbiome-informed interventions to establish clinically meaningful benefits.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1900716</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1900716</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cervico-vaginal microbiota and antimicrobial resistance patterns in relation to different reproductive statuses in cattle: a field study from Nepal]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Bishal Bhattachan</author><author>Gokarna Gautam</author><author>Rabin Raut</author><author>Hom Bahadur Basnet</author><author>Bibek Bhattachan</author><author>Sundar Khatiwada</author><author>Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Vaginal bacterial communities are increasingly recognized as key determinants of fertility in cattle. This study explored bacterial communities in the cervico-vaginal mucus of healthy heifers, cows with cervicitis, repeat-breeding, and cows within the 35-day postpartum period using the microbiological culture method (n=35) and sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene (n=18), along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Micrococcus spp. and Enterobacter spp. were the top two bacteria isolated across the groups. Alarmingly, antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed a high prevalence of multidrug resistance (71.7%) and elevated multiple antibiotic resistance indices in the isolated bacteria; none of the isolates were sensitive to all the tested bacteria. From 16S rRNA sequencing, a total of 1,047,482 sequences and 2,366 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were generated. All groups shared 434 OTUs, and they did not differ in alpha diversity and beta diversity except for healthy heifers and cervicitis cattle. Bacillota, followed by Pseudomonadota, Fusobacteriota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, and Mycoplasmatota dominated the vaginal microbiota across all groups. Genus-level comparisons revealed the following group-specific enriched taxa: Chryseobacterium with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score > 3 in cervicitis, Filifactor (LDA score > 2) in repeat breeding cow, and Histophilus (LDA score > 3.5) in healthy heifers. These findings offer important insights into the structure of bovine vaginal microbial communities while highlighting the urgent need to monitor antimicrobial resistance. This study lays the groundwork for defining the core vaginal microbiota and its potential implications for reproductive health and disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Nepal to investigate cervico-vaginal microbiota and antimicrobial resistance patterns in cattle across different reproductive statuses using both culture-dependent methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1905698</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1905698</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Molecular screening for Wolbachia endosymbionts in phlebotomine sand flies within the North Central Province, Sri Lanka]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-10-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>F. B. R. P. Kumara</author><author>D. K. Hettiarachchi</author><author>N. D. A. D. Wijegunawardana</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a growing public health threat in Sri Lanka, transmitted primarily by phlebotomine sand flies. While biological control using Wolbachia has proven effective against other vector-borne diseases, its potential application in phlebotomine sand flies remains largely unexplored. Therefore, investigating the natural prevalence of these endosymbionts in Sri Lankan sand fly populations is well justified. To address this knowledge gap and evaluate the feasibility of symbiont-mediated control, we conducted a six-month entomological survey across four endemic sampling areas in the North Central Province. Captured sand flies were morphologically identified at genus level, and 90 females belonging to the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were screened for Wolbachia using wsp-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To provide complementary evidence and characterize the broader sand fly-associated bacterial community, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on a pooled sample of 25 females. Wolbachia was not detected in any of the individually screened specimens (0/90; observed prevalence, 0.0%; approximate rule-of-three upper 95% prevalence limit, 3.3%) or in the pooled 16S dataset. Sequencing generated 220,698 non-chimeric reads, and Serratia was the most abundant identifiable genus, accounting for 41.71% of bacterial reads. These findings indicate an absence of detectable Wolbachia under the methods applied, rather than its definitive absence from the wider regional sand fly population. The study provides baseline evidence relevant to evaluating the feasibility and limitations of symbiont-mediated strategies for leishmaniasis vector control in Sri Lanka.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1942228</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1942228</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: a comparative perspective]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Riddhi Upadhyay</author><author>Chandhini C.</author><author>Susmita Kar</author><author>Sajith Sathyamoorthy</author><author>Xavier Pitchaimuthu</author><author>Murugan Sevanan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Global health challenges associated with neurodegenerative disorders are increasing, prompting growing interest in the gut-brain axis (GBA) as a key contributor to disease pathogenesis. The GBA represents a bidirectional communication network linking the gut microbiota, immune signalling pathways, metabolic processes, and the central nervous system (CNS). This review highlights the role of the GBA in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), focusing on comparative disease mechanisms involving microbial dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Particular emphasis is placed on alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microbial amyloids, and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which contribute to protein misfolding, blood-brain barrier disruption, and the accumulation of amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated Tau, and α-synuclein. Furthermore, the review discusses recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for integrating microbiome, clinical, neuroimaging, and multi-omics datasets to improve disease prediction, biomarker discovery, and patient stratification. AI approaches, including random forest, support vector machine, convolutional neural networks, and XGBoost, together with microbiome analysis platforms such as QIIME 2 and multi-omics integration tools including mixOmics and MOFA+, are highlighted for their potential in precision neurology. Collectively, integrating GBA biology with AI-driven analytics provides promising opportunities for early diagnosis, personalised therapeutic strategies, and precision medicine to address the growing burden of neurodegenerative disorders.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1946255</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1946255</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Urban land use influences microbial functional traits along a management intensity gradient]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Fadwa Khalfallah</author><author>Nicolas Legay</author><author>Sebastien Bonthoux</author><author>Amélie A. M. Cantarel</author><author>Jean-Christophe Clement</author><author>Arnaud Foulquier</author><author>Catherine Joulian</author><author>Xavier Le Roux</author><author>Agnès Richaume</author><author>Marie-Paule Norini</author><author>Jennifer Harris</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionUrbanization alters soil conditions and may strongly affect microbial communities, yet the functional consequences of these changes remain poorly understood. We investigated how urban land use and management intensity shape microbial diversity, functional traits, and interaction patterns in urban soils.MethodsWe sampled 135 soils across eight land-use types in Blois (France), each assigned a management intensity level from 1 (low) to 4 (high). Bacterial and fungal communities were characterized using Illumina sequencing, fungal guilds were identified using FungalTraits, bacterial taxa were classified by life strategies, enzymatic activities were measured, and co-occurrence networks were constructed.ResultsLand-use type and management intensity strongly influenced microbial composition, diversity, and functioning. Highly managed sites (Gardens, Sports fields) showed lower fungal 18S rRNA gene abundance, higher bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers, reduced diversity, and lower nitrogen-related enzyme activities compared to less managed sites (Unused areas). These sites also exhibited more oligotroph-dominated and interconnected communities. Co-occurrence networks were less connected than those reported in semi-natural ecosystems, indicating more fragmented microbial associations in urban soils.DiscussionOur findings reveal that management intensity acts as a strong ecological filter shaping microbial functional traits and interaction patterns in urban soils. The reduced connectivity and functional shifts observed in intensively managed sites highlight the need to integrate microbial indicators into urban green-space planning and management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1906484</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1906484</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Decoding host–microbiome interactions through integrative multi-omics and artificial intelligence: from biological mechanisms to predictive modelling]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Gayatri Krishna S.</author><author>Narchikundil Reeja</author><author>Shemmy Sadanandan</author><author>Bhagya Mappurath</author><author>Akash Chatterjee</author><author>Ginny Antony</author><author>Tony Grace</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The mutual communication between the human host and its microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining metabolic and immunological homeostasis. Disruptions in this delicate ecosystem are heavily linked to severe pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic syndromes, and cancer. Whilst traditional single-omics approaches offer limited taxonomic snapshots, multi-omics strategies are bridging the gap by mapping the complex, multi-layered networks driving host-microbe interactions. However, integrating these highly dimensional, heterogeneous datasets creates significant computational bottlenecks. Artificial Intelligence (AI), spanning machine learning and deep learning architectures, has emerged as a critical catalyst to resolve this crisis. AI transforms complex data into predictive models for early diagnosis, clinical biomarker discovery, and personalised therapeutics. Despite persistent hurdles in model generalisation and data standardisation, the convergence of multi-omics and AI is actively driving the future of precision medicine.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1871476</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1871476</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Structured succession of a cross-kingdom microbiome drives degradation and detoxification of oolong tea waste]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Guanming Ye</author><author>Xiaoqing Yu</author><author>Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah</author><author>Ren Ke</author><author>Ziheng Zeng</author><author>Jiarui Wang</author><author>Shuning Lan</author><author>Han Yu</author><author>Huiyu Liu</author><author>Shanyu Xie</author><author>Kin Sum Leung</author><author>Lu Zhang</author><author>Jetty Chung-Yung Lee</author><author>Olivier Habimana</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The spontaneous aerobic degradation of oolong tea waste offers a promising but underexplored route for sustainable waste valorization. In this study, we used whole-genome metagenomic sequencing to examine microbial succession and functional gene dynamics over a 35-day degradation period. Our results uncovered a three-phase ecological progression: an initial mesophilic phase (Days 0–7) dominated by Pseudomonadota, which reached 93.4% relative abundance and specialized in simple substrate utilization; a thermotolerant transition (Days 8-15, 30-33°C) characterized by increased abundance of glycoside hydrolases (GH5, GH13); and a maturation phase (Days 16–35) marked by the emergence of lignocellulose-degrading taxa such as Cellulomonas and Microbacterium, accompanied by a 78% reduction in antibiotic resistance genes. Profiling of carbohydrate-active enzymes revealed a sequential shift from pectinases (GH28) to hemicellulases (GH43), while mobile genetic elements declined substantially during the maturation phase. These results indicate that tea waste degradation follows structured microbial succession patterns influenced by abiotic factors and suggests a potential self-purification capacity through the attenuation of antibiotic resistance genes. This study establishes a foundation for optimizing composting processes and designing targeted bioaugmentation strategies to enhance tea waste valorization.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1901989</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1901989</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gut microbiome modulation by diet and lifestyle in kidney stone disease and autism spectrum disorder: emerging mechanisms and translational prospects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-22T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Girish B. Mahajan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundThe gut microbiome occupies a central position in mediating the physiological consequences of diet, lifestyle, and physical activity. While this interplay is broadly recognized, its mechanistic consequences in two clinically underserved conditions—urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—remain poorly explained. Both conditions share convergent pathophysiology rooted in metabolic dysregulation, impaired epithelial barrier function, immune dysregulation, and altered microbial metabolite profiles, all of which are modifiable through dietary and behavioral interventions.MethodsThis minireview synthesizes current evidence from clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between gut microbial ecology and disease pathogenesis in urolithiasis and ASD, with emphasis on dietary compounds, fermented foods, probiotics, and lifestyle behaviors as modulatory factors.ResultsIn urolithiasis, evidence implicates reduced abundance of oxalate-degrading taxa (notably Oxalobacter formigenes), dysbiotic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, and urinary microbiome perturbations in stone formation and recurrence. In ASD, microbial alterations in gastrointestinal-symptomatic individuals converge on reduced butyrate-producing taxa, elevated pro-inflammatory species, and altered serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthetic pathways.ConclusionDietary interventions—particularly high-fiber regimens, polyphenol-rich foods, fermented products, and targeted probiotic formulations—show mechanistic plausibility for microbiome restoration in both conditions. However, clinical translation is constrained by methodological heterogeneity, confounding lifestyle variables, and a paucity of longitudinal, mechanistically anchored trials. We outline a research agenda prioritizing standardized multi-omics, paired gut–urine sampling protocols, and rigorously controlled dietary interventions to bridge this gap.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1965017</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1965017</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Modulation of the rumen microbiome and metabolism in dairy cows by altering the concentrate feeding pattern and the inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Timothy J. Snelling</author><author>Catherine A. Johnson</author><author>Helen E. Warren</author><author>Jules Taylor-Pickard</author><author>James A. Huntington</author><author>Liam A. Sinclair</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1953547</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1953547</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Menopause-associated gut microbiome remodeling and pharmacomicrobiomics: emerging mechanisms influencing drug response]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Susanne B. Haga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Menopause is accompanied by profound hormonal changes that alter the composition and function of the gut microbiome, potentially influencing microbial drug metabolism and therapeutic response. At the same time, medication use increases substantially during midlife, creating a dynamic bidirectional relationship in which medications modify the gut microbiome while microbiome remodeling may influence medication efficacy, toxicity, and interindividual differences in drug response. This narrative review examines current evidence linking menopause-associated changes in the gut microbiome with medication response and explores the biological mechanisms that may underlie these interactions. The review summarizes microbiome-mediated pathways including microbial β-glucuronidase activity, direct microbial drug metabolism, altered bile acid metabolism, microbial metabolite signaling, and changes in intestinal barrier function and immune regulation that may influence pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Although direct evidence connecting menopause-associated microbiome remodeling with altered drug response remains limited, substantial evidence supports independent effects of menopause on the gut microbiome and of the gut microbiome on drug metabolism. Together, these findings provide a conceptual framework for understanding how menopause-associated microbial changes may contribute to variability in pharmacotherapy and highlight important priorities for future research, including incorporation of menopausal status into pharmacokinetic studies and clinical trials to advance microbiome-informed precision medicine for women.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1867961</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1867961</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrated microbial and endocrine signatures of obesity: Enterobacteriaceae alterations, hormonal profiles, and dietary correlates in adult males]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma</author><author>Bhupendra Singh Yadav</author><author>Priyanka Gautam</author><author>Minakshi Sahu</author><author>Gopal Nath</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionObesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder increasingly associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and endocrine imbalance. In the present study, microbiological analyses were limited to culture-based characterization of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), have been implicated in metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation; however, integrated data combining microbial profiling, metabolic hormones, and dietary patterns in Indian populations remain limited.MethodsThis case-control observational study involved 49 males (27 obese, 22 normal-weight controls). Anthropometric data were collected, and fasting serum leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured via ELISA. Stool samples were cultured for Enterobacteriaceae, identified biochemically, and genotyped using ERIC-PCR. Dietary patterns were evaluated with questionnaires.ResultsObese participants showed significantly higher BMI, leptin (5.43±0.67 ng/mL), and insulin levels (3.21±0.27 mIU/L) than controls (p<0.05), while ghrelin levels did not differ significantly. Leptin positively correlated with BMI in obese individuals (r=0.423, p=0.028). Microbiological analysis yielded 82 isolates, with Kpn more prevalent among obese (92.86%) than controls (7.14%), whereas Escherichia coli predominated among controls (51.22%). ERIC-PCR demonstrated distinct genetic clusters among isolates. Obese participants also reported higher intake of fast food, refined carbohydrates, and soft drinks, correlating with elevated insulin levels.ConclusionThese findings suggest possible associations between Enterobacteriaceae prevalence, metabolic hormones, and dietary patterns in obesity and support microbiota-targeted and dietary interventions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1897965</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1897965</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Compound microbial intelligent membrane fermentation reshapes the virome and reduces various resistance genes in duck litter]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tiecheng Sun</author><author>Guiheng Mei</author><author>Junru Mo</author><author>Meiqin Li</author><author>Yanmei Ma</author><author>Mengshi Zhao</author><author>Song Peng</author><author>Fengqiang Lin</author><author>Jilong Chen</author><author>Yaxiong Ma</author><author>Zhaolong Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Contamination of duck litter is a major contributor to frequent disease outbreaks in the scaled dry-litter rearing system, posing serious threats to duck health. Although compound microbial intelligent membrane fermentation has multiple advantages, its impacts on the litter virome and resistome remain poorly characterized. This study employed metaviromics to examine the effects of compound microbial intelligent membrane high-temperature fermentation on duck litter from four treatment groups: deep-layer fermentation (DL-D), shallow-layer fermentation (DL-S-NAF), shallow-layer without fermentation (DL-S), and shallow-layer from an antibiotic-using farm without fermentation (DL-S-ANF). We observed that fermentation treatments (DL-D and DL-S-NAF) significantly reduced RNA viral abundance, with a corresponding decreasing trend for DNA viruses. Fermentation treatments also markedly decreased the loads of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including sul1, sul2, tetB(P), and qacEdelta1; metal resistance genes (MRGs) including arsC, arsM, merA, copR, and corR; biocide resistance genes including mdeA, actP, smdB, cpxA, and galE; and bacterial virulence factors including ggroEL2 and lirB. In duck litter, viral communities were dominated by Uroviricota and Nucleocytoviricota (DNA viruses) and Pisuviricota and Lenarviricota (RNA viruses), with Caudoviricetes and Megaviricetes as the predominant DNA virus classes. Single-sample metavirome analysis identified 34 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) and 343 viral genes. ARG abundance followed a hierarchical trend of DL-D < DL-S-NAF < DL-S < DL-S-ANF, while MRG abundance showed DL-D < DL-S-NAF < DL-S-ANF < DL-S. Compound microbial intelligent membrane fermentation effectively reduced both DNA and RNA viral abundance, diminished resistance gene loads, and attenuated virulence factors in duck litter. These data indicate that RNA viruses, particularly Pisuviricota, are sensitive bioindicators for ecological health assessment. Additionally, this antibiotic-free fermentation system may provide an important strategy for curbing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance at its source.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1903806</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1903806</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The circulating metatranscriptome in acute myeloid leukemia patients: an RNA-seq reanalysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-09-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>An Dinh Duy Nguyen</author><author>Roshan Kern</author><author>Tatiana Dombrovski</author><author>Thomas LaFramboise</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The human microbiome comprises the collection of microbiota residing on or within human tissues. It is now well-established that microbial composition impacts an individual’s health. In the cancer realm, the vast majority of microbiome studies have been focused either on the gut, or at the site of solid tumors. Few studies have assessed microbial content at the site of hematological malignancies – blood and bone marrow. Here we characterize the circulating metatranscriptome (i.e. the bacterial and viral RNA in circulation) of 411 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We find that the circulating metatranscriptome in AML differs substantially from that of healthy controls, and high metatranscriptome loads are associated with antibacterial host response. We observe that specific bacterial genera are associated with response to anti-cancer therapy and disease history, and are tied to host gene expression signatures of heme metabolism. Overall, our study represents an inferred landscape of circulating microbial RNA in AML and suggests potential for its use as a biomarker.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1883079</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1883079</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Host identity dominates over intra-ruminal spatial variation in shaping the rumen microbiome of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Brief Research Report</category>
        <author>Soumya Kanti Kar</author><author>Edoardo Zaccaria</author><author>Léon Šebek</author><author>Sanne van Gastelen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The rumen is a structurally complex fermentation chamber with distinct physicochemical zones, resulting in intra-ruminal biogeography and raising the question whether microbial communities vary spatially within the rumen. We investigated the extent of intra-ruminal microbial variation by analyzing rumen fluid collected from six rumen cannulated Holstein–Friesian dairy cows. Rumen fluid samples were obtained in duplicate from three anatomical rumen regions: the cranial sac (Front), the front ventral sac (Middle), and the middle ventral sac (Back).and subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Hierarchical clustering, ordination, and redundancy analyses revealed a strong host-specific signature, with individual cow explaining 37 to 43% of the total community variation (p = 0.001). In contrast, neither rumen sampling location nor technical duplicate significantly affected alpha- or beta-diversity metrics. Only a small subset of low-abundance taxa (<1% of the total community) differed between the rumen sampling locations, whereas core genera such as Prevotella, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Methanobrevibacter were consistently dominant across sites. Differential abundance analysis revealed significantly different ASVs across rumen sampling locations, despite no major shifts in overall community structure. These results demonstrate that the rumen microbiome is stable within individual cows with negligible spatial structuring across the horizontal plane, although caution is warranted before extrapolating this uniformity to vertical stratification layers or alternative sampling techniques.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1881416</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2026.1881416</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Endophyte-mediated pest resistance: mechanisms, evidence gaps, and translational opportunities]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Soumik Dey Roy</author><author>Debamitra Chatterjee</author><author>Ritika Thakur</author><author>Swarnali Bhattacharya</author><author>Ajoy Kumar Mukhopadhyay</author><author>Palash Mondal</author><author>Aniruddha Pramanik</author><author>Hirak Chatterjee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Escalating crop losses caused by insect pests, together with pesticide resistance, environmental persistence, and increasing regulatory scrutiny of conventional agrochemicals, have intensified interest in biologically based pest-management strategies. Endophytic bacteria and fungi represent a promising avenue for crop protection because they can influence plant defense, pest performance, and multitrophic interactions within plant tissues. This review critically synthesizes the ‘landscape’ of endophyte-mediated pest resistance—the ‘journey’ of microbes from colonization to field protection—through direct antagonism by insecticidal metabolites and enzymes, immune priming, signaling crosstalk (i.e., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene pathways), volatile organic compound-mediated indirect defense, and microbiome restructuring. We further evaluate the strength of evidence across laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies, distinguishing well-supported mechanisms from responses that remain context-dependent or insufficiently validated under agronomic conditions. This implies that endophyte-based pest resistance will remain difficult to translate unless colonization stability, host specificity, ecological trade-offs, formulation performance, biosafety, and regulatory requirements are addressed together. Future progress will require standardized efficacy testing, multiomics-based mechanism validation, improved delivery systems, predictive strain-selection pipelines, and transparent biosafety frameworks. By linking mechanism, evidence strength, and deployment barriers, this review provides a translational framework for moving endophyte-mediated pest resistance from experimental promise toward field-ready crop protection.]]></description>
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