AUTHOR=Hosseini Parastoo , Fallahi Mohammad Sadegh , Erabi Gisou , Pakdin Majid , Zarezadeh Seyed Mahdi , Faridzadeh Arezoo , Entezari Sarina , Ansari Arina , Poudineh Mohadeseh , Deravi Niloofar 

TITLE=Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities 

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.804109

DOI=10.3389/fmolb.2022.804109

ISSN=2296-889X

ABSTRACT=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to huge concern worldwide. Some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may experience post-COVID-19 complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome, defined by symptoms, including fever, elevated inflammatory markers (such as elevation of C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, procalcitonin test, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase or IL-6, presence of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased albumin, and multiple organ dysfunction). Post-COVID-19 complications may also manifest as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Signaling disor-ders, increased inflammatory cytokines secretion, corticosteroids use to treat COVID-19 patients, or impaired immune responses are suggested causes of autoimmune diseases in these patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic oppor-tunities for multisystem inflammatory syndrome and autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim to provide a clear view for health care providers and researchers.