AUTHOR=Mu Luyan , Long Yu , Yang Changlin , Jin Linchun , Tao Haipeng , Ge Haitao , Chang Yifan E. , Karachi Aida , Kubilis Paul S. , De Leon Gabriel , Qi Jiping , Sayour Elias J. , Mitchell Duane A. , Lin Zhiguo , Huang Jianping 

TITLE=The IDH1 Mutation-Induced Oncometabolite, 2-Hydroxyglutarate, May Affect DNA Methylation and Expression of PD-L1 in Gliomas

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2018

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00082

DOI=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00082

ISSN=1662-5099

ABSTRACT=Background: Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous brain tumors with the potential for aggressive disease progression, as influenced by suppressive immunoediting. Given the success and enhanced potential of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in glioma immunotherapy, we focused on the connections between genetic alterations affected by IDH1 mutations with immunological landscape changes. 
Methods: Paired, surgically resected tumors from lower-grade gliomas and glioblastomas were investigated, and a genetic analysis of patients’ primary tumor samples culled from TCGA datasets was performed.
Results: The results demonstrate that when compared with IDH1-mutant tumors, IDH1 wildtype tumors represent an immunosuppression landscape and elevated levels of PD-L1 expression. DNA hypo-methylation of the PD-L1 gene, as well as gene and protein expression levels, were observed in the wildtype tumors. We also found that quantitative levels of IDH1 mutant proteins were positively associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates. A key product of the IDH1 mutation (2-hydroxyglutarate) was found to transiently increase DNA methylation and suppress PD-L1 expression. 
Conclusions: IDH1 mutations impact the immune landscape of gliomas by affecting immune infiltrations and manipulating checkpoint ligand PD-L1 expression. Applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial for chemoradiation-insensitive IDH1-wildtype gliomas.