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        <title>Frontiers in Nanotechnology | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nanotechnology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Nanotechnology | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-05-08T07:07:03.581+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1846780</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1846780</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Gold nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases: from fundamental transport mechanisms to clinical translation prospects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Haicheng Liu</author><author>Jingyi Zhao</author><author>Jiankun Zheng</author><author>Kecheng Lou</author><author>Yuwei Zhong</author>
        <description><![CDATA[With the continuously increasing global incidence of kidney diseases, traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches face significant limitations, including low sensitivity, poor specificity, and substantial drug-related side effects. Gold nanomaterials, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, tunable size and surface chemistry, and favorable biocompatibility, have opened new avenues for the precision diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. This review systematically examines the kinetic principles governing the transport of gold nanomaterials across renal physiological barriers, delving into the decisive influence of size, shape, surface charge, and protein corona effects on their in vivo fate. Building on this foundation, we elaborate on cutting-edge research progress involving gold nanomaterials as optical/CT/multimodal imaging contrast agents, drug/gene delivery vectors, photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic agents, and direct therapeutic nanomedicines across various disease models, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. Concurrently, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the biosafety profile of gold nanomaterials, summarizing the impact of factors such as dosage, size, and surface modification on their toxicity spectrum and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Critically, we highlight the often overlooked liver kidney axis as a pivotal determinant of AuNP biotransformation and clearance, and we discuss the unresolved “targeting versus clearance” conundrum that complicates clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the primary challenges facing clinical translation in this field—including the absence of standardized toxicity assessment protocols and the reproducibility hurdles in large scale manufacturing—and offer perspectives on future research directions, such as the development of “smart” nanoplatforms responsive to the disease microenvironment and the application of multi-omics technologies to guide personalized diagnosis and treatment in the context of the burgeoning epidemic of metabolism associated kidney disease.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1771931</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1771931</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Priming tomato with AgNPs coated with Pseudomonas N5.12 metabolites enhances plant resilience to drought stress]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Svitlana Plokhovska</author><author>Ana García-Villaraco</author><author>Jose Antonio Lucas</author><author>Enrique Gutierrez-Albanchez</author><author>Francisco Javier Gutierrez-Mañero</author><author>Beatriz Ramos-Solano</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionUnder current climate change conditions, agronomic yield is compromised by limited water availability and sudden drought events throughout the plant cycle. Among the tools to overcome drought stress, beneficial bacteria have been used in agriculture as biofertilizers, but the potential of bacterial metabolites has been increasingly underscored. Furthermore, bacterial metabolites can be formulated into nanoparticles (AgNPs) to further improve their activity.MethodsTomato plants were treated with biogenic silver nanoparticles or bacterial metabolites derived from Pseudomonas N5.12 and exposed to drought stress (via foliar spray or soil drench). Physiological and biochemical parameters, including photosynthetic performance, pigment content, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were evaluated. Transcriptome analysis was also performed to assess the whole-plant response to drought under the different treatments.ResultsDrought stress significantly reduced tomato shoot length (−14.4%), fresh weight (−30.8%), and dry weight (−29.5%); increased H2O2 content (18.2%); and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. Pretreatment with AgNP (NPs coated with Pseudomonas N5.12 metabolites, 60 ppm) improved shoot length (11.5%), fresh weight (49.3%), and dry weight (50.1%) under drought conditions. AgNPs increased transpiration without affecting net photosynthesis and induced oxidative signaling, as indicated by increased H2O2 (18.5%) and MDA (14.1%) levels, along with enhanced SOD activity (66.5%). Transcriptomic analysis revealed a distinct AgNP-induced gene expression profile. Approximately 50% of the differentially expressed genes were encoded in chloroplasts and mitochondria and were primarily related to protein synthesis, photosynthesis, and energy metabolism.ConclusionAgNPs coated with Pseudomonas N5.12 metabolites enhance drought tolerance in tomato by improving growth, modulating redox homeostasis, and inducing extensive organelle-associated gene reprogramming. These findings demonstrate the advantages of nanoparticle-based formulation of bacterial metabolites. Overall, AgNPs show strong potential as a tool to support crop growth under drought conditions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1727211</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1727211</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Elucidating the potential of green synthesis: formulation of nanofungicide from agricultural wastes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Saika Bashir</author><author>Aneesa Batool</author><author>Mansoor Showkat</author><author>Suhail Ashraf</author><author>G. N. Yatoo</author><author>Jebi Sudan</author><author>Mohsin Altaf Hajini</author><author>Javed Iqbal A. Bhat</author><author>Zahoor Ahmad Bhat</author><author>Mudasir A. Mir</author><author>Bhagyashree Dhekale</author><author>Parvaze A. Sofi</author><author>Antonio Masi</author><author>Sajad Majeed Zargar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionFusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is a major fungal disease leading to significant crop losses worldwide. Conventional chemical fungicides used to manage this disease pose environmental and health risks, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives.MethodsThis study explores the antifungal efficacy of green-synthesized nanoformulations derived from Chinar (Platanus orientalis) and Dal weed (Ceratophyllum demersum) extracts for controlling Fusarium wilt. Nanoformulations were prepared and characterized for particle size, stability, and bioactive compound content.Results and discussionThe Chinar-based nanoformulation exhibited superior antifungal activity due to its higher flavonoid content, smaller droplet size, and higher zeta potential, enhancing its stability and bioavailability. In-vitro assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of F. oxysporum, with complete suppression observed at a 40% concentration. Membrane integrity assays indicated that the nanoformulations disrupted fungal cell membranes, causing leakage of cellular contents without inducing genetic damage. In-vivo trials on chilli plants demonstrated that treatments with 50% and 60% nanoformulation concentrations significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt without causing phytotoxic effects, confirming their practical applicability in agricultural conditions. Furthermore, the eco-friendly synthesis of these nanoformulations from agricultural waste materials offers environmental and economic benefits, supporting their integration into sustainable farming practices. The possible inhibitory interaction of phytoconstituents with important Fusarium oxysporum proteins was validated by molecular docking research. Overall, Chinar and Dal weed-based nanoformulations present an effective, safe, and environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides, offering promising solutions for managing Fusarium wilt and improving crop health.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1801422</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1801422</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advancements in polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles for enhancing drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability: an integrative and forward-looking review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Rishika Chauhan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Limited oral bioavailability, poor water solubility, and chemical instability continue to be significant obstacles in the development of pharmaceutical treatments. These issues have encouraged researchers to look forward to nanoscale, especially polymer and lipid-based materials, as practical and adaptable solutions. Precise polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) have become two of the most adaptable and clinically relevant technologies that may overcome these constraints because of their physicochemical properties. This review’s primary goal is to incorporate recent developments in both polymeric and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems, which emphasize the different but complementary strategies for improving the solubility and stability of various therapeutic compounds. The discussion covers developments in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles, along with advancements in polymeric nanocarriers such as dendrimers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and hybrid polymer systems. This study will offer newer directions in the field, including stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, hybrid lipid–polymer architectures, scalable green production, and precise surface engineering for targeted distribution, in addition to outlining established processes. Particular attention is given to how formulation choices influence pharmacokinetic behavior, which is an area that is often mentioned but not deeply integrated in many existing reviews. The article additionally addresses ongoing challenges such as maintaining long-term stability, preventing premature drug leakage, minimizing toxicity, and navigating regulatory barriers. In order to encourage future innovation in nanoparticle-enabled drug delivery, this article attempts to provide a broad yet distinctively structured viewpoint to the Research Topic by combining multidisciplinary discoveries from materials science, pharmaceutics, and nanomedicine.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1794336</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1794336</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Mycogenic TiO2 nanoparticles for remedying toxic metals in industrial wastewater and their toxicity profiling]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yamini Vinayagam</author><author>Devi Rajeswari Vijayarangan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionHeavy metal pollution, particularly cadmium and chromium, poses a global environmental challenge due to its detrimental effects. Nanobioremediation is an advanced approach to remediate heavy metal contamination. Bioactive molecules extracted from Aspergillus penicillioides VDRVYF serve as a stabilising and capping agent for producing TiO2 nanoparticles. This study presents an eco-friendly approach using fungus-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles to remove heavy metal ions from industrial effluents.MethodologyThe research adopted a comprehensive approach, employing batch adsorption studies, adsorption kinetics, and heavy metal analysis via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The collected effluent samples from the battery and automobile industries were treated with 50 μg/mL TiO2 nanoparticles for 5 hours under sunlight. Physicochemical analysis was carried out, and the results were compared with the CPCB standard limit. Additionally, desorption and reuse studies were performed. Furthermore, toxicity assays were conducted to evaluate cytotoxic effects on living cells.ResultsAAS determines the optimal conditions for the adsorption of heavy metals employing Aspergillus penicillioides VDRVYF-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles. The physicochemical parameters of untreated wastewater samples exceeded CPCB standards, rendering direct discharge infeasible. However, treated samples showed over 72% metal ion adsorption, with physicochemical parameters falling within permissible limits. Reusability studies revealed that the nanoparticles adsorption efficiency was maintained for upto six cycles, with a final rate of 65.2%. Furthermore, phytotoxicity and the MTT assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that bio-based TiO2 nanoparticles are a promising agent for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment, effectively reducing heavy metal contamination.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1778616</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1778616</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Selenium nanostructures in biomedical diagnostics: toward smart and sustainable disease monitoring]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Dipayan Das</author><author>Pankaj Kumar</author><author>Yugal Kishore Mohanta</author><author>Satya Kumar Avula</author><author>Shibani Mohapatra</author><author>Javid Ahmed Parry</author><author>Nitesh Priyadarshi</author><author>Rahul Dilawari</author><author>Niraj Singh</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element responsible for maintaining redox balance, immune modulation, and the preservation of cellular homeostasis. In recent years, selenium nanostructures have been widely used in biomedical diagnosis due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, inherent biological function, and excellent biocompatibility. The nanostructure comprises selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), selenium quantum dots (SeQDs), and hybrid selenium nanocomposites. It exhibits properties such as tunable optical, electrical, and catalytic activities, allowing sensitive detection of disease-associated biomolecules. This review summarises the updated progress in the design of selenium nanostructures for diagnostic aims, including the synthesis methods, their surface functionalization and sensing mechanism. A new generation of selenium nanomaterials has been combined with carbon-based materials and polymers to enhance the sensitivity, amplification, and multiplexing of detection. Besides having significant potential in experimental studies, challenges such as large-scale production, batch-to-batch consistency, long-term biocompatibility, and obtaining regulatory approval limit clinical translation. The continued improvements in AI-based data analysis, data interpretation-supported automated systems, microfluidic platforms, and smart biosensor design will drive future research in this field. On the whole, selenium nanostructures are a low-cost and environmentally friendly material that shows potential for application in disease diagnostics and point-of-care implementation toward precision medicine.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1788494</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1788494</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Photo-triggered and magnetically guided nanosystems for precision drug transport: architecture development, spectral analysis and release behavior]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Feng Liu</author><author>Xing Peng</author><author>Yinghong Ling</author><author>Weizhi Tan</author><author>Mengjiao Huang</author><author>Tieyu Chen</author><author>Xiaohu Qin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Enhancing therapeutic selectivity while minimizing the collateral damage associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents remains a persistent challenge in cancer treatment. To address these limitations, we developed a multifunctional drug delivery platform that combines magnetic guidance with light-triggered release, enabling precise spatial and temporal control over drug availability. The nanocarrier was constructed from superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which serve as the magnetic core, allowing external field–assisted localization at the desired site. This magnetic core was further encapsulated by a mesoporous silica shell composed of highly ordered channels, providing a large accessible volume for efficient drug loading and enhanced structural stability during circulation. To introduce external responsiveness, a photo-switchable organic ligand (2-bromo-Benzophenone hydrazone) was covalently anchored onto the internal pore surfaces of the silica framework. Under controlled light irradiation, this ligand undergoes reversible conformational changes that modulate the accessibility of the mesopores, enabling the pores to function as controllable “valves.” As a result, drug molecules can be selectively released at a higher rate when triggered by optical stimulation. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization, including SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, confirmed the successful construction of the core–shell architecture and the effective incorporation of the light-responsive gating system. Biocompatibility was assessed using SMMC-7721 cell lines, and the results indicated minimal cytotoxicity from the carrier itself, demonstrating its suitability for biomedical applications. In vitro release experiments further showed that the nanocomposite exhibits magnetically assisted positioning and a tuneable release profile governed by light exposure. These findings suggest that this dual-responsive platform offers a promising strategy for programmable, site-specific drug delivery with the potential to significantly reduce off-target toxicity and improve therapeutic precision.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1766020</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1766020</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Spectrum prediction improvement with phenomenological statistical learning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-01T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zijian Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Statistical learning can be used for spectrum prediction, significantly reducing the large computational resources required by simulation software. However, traditional statistical learning methods face challenges such as interpretability and issues with prediction accuracy. By combining phenomenological theory with statistical learning, we propose a resonance-informed model that improves the accuracy and interpretability of spectrum predictions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1805394</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1805394</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nanoemulsion formulation based delivery system enhances anticancer efficacy of pumpkin seed oil against prostate cancer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rupali Ghosh</author><author>Syed Abuzar Raza Rizvi</author><author>Nishat Afroz</author><author>Samar Husain Naqvi</author><author>Saima Wajid</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionProstate cancer is an extremely variable and multifaceted malignancy and has significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in males. Current therapies frequently resulting in significant adverse consequences. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) has antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, its hydrophobic characteristics restrict bioavailability, which might be enhanced using nanoemulsion based delivery system. In our previous study, the formulation and characterization of pumpkin seed oil nanoemulsion (PSO-NE) was investigated and observed that PSO-NE induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Nonetheless, a PSO-NE has not been studied in prostate cancer research, whether in vitro or in vivo. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate PSO-NE cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP). MethodsCytotoxicity efficacy was assessed using MTT assay. Cellular uptake and nuclear morphology were evaluated through confocal microscopy. Mechanistic assays included apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle analysis were evaluated through flow cytometry. Differential gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. ResultsIn this study, PSO-NE exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, demonstrating a markedly reduced IC50 in comparison to free PSO and Doxorubicin after 24 h of exposure (p < 0.01) accompanied with reduced cytotoxicity towards non-cancerous cells (Vero). At IC50 concentrations (PC3 = 90.22 μg/mL and LNCaP = 65.47 μg/mL), PSO-NE strongly induced nucleus morphological changes, reduced cell proliferation, increased phosphatidylserine exposure, and arrested the cell cycle at G0/ G1 phase (p < 0.001). The expression of genes (Bcl-2, STAT-3, and NF-kB), related to cell proliferation, was significantly downregulated (p < 0.001), whereas the expression of genes (p53, Bax, and caspase 3), associated with apoptosis, was significantly upregulated compared to the untreated cell lines (p < 0.001), indicating the activation of apoptotic gene expression.DiscussionThe enhanced cytotoxicity of PSO-NE against prostate cancer cells, together with its capacity to cause apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, highlights its potential as an effective anticancer agent.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1831692</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1831692</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Myconanotechnology for sustainability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Ramesh Namdeo Pudake</author><author>Vijai Bhadauria</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1788527</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1788527</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Symmetric pulse-enabled highly linear analog switching in ALD-grown HfO2/Ta2O5-based memristor for multi-level storage and synaptic applications]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-23T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Parthasarathi Pal</author><author>Sanjay Kumar</author><author>Themis Prodromakis</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Analog memristors with multilevel cells are suitable for analog in-memory and neuromorphic applications. Herein, we report a 2-bit/cell complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible HfO2/Ta2O5 bilayer memristor with both TiN electrodes fabricated via single thermal atomic layer deposition at 300 °C. The fabricated devices exhibit stable bipolar switching characteristics distinguished between both low resistance state and the high resistance state with a P/E endurance of 105WRITE cycles, as well as show better retention property beyond 104 s. The devices exhibited excellent uniformity in terms of low device-to-device (D2D) and low cycle-to-cycle (C2C) variation. Furthermore, analog switching responses are implemented with the pulse width from 2 ms to 500 µs, and the corresponding percentage change in the device resistance was measured. The results exhibit a significant change in the device resistance even at 500 µs, with an overall change in the device resistance in the range of 10%–17%. In addition, the performance of the devices has been verified for neuromorphic applications using the experimentally extracted data. The non-linearity of 0.07, including highly stable synaptic plasticity, has been achieved using symmetric pulses, making the devices compatible for designing an analog memristor-based neuromorphic computing system hardware.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1796554</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1796554</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Lab-on-a-chip nanoarchitectures for oncogene detection and early cancer screening]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Niraj Singh</author><author>Nitesh Priyadarshi</author><author>Birson Ingti</author><author>Payel Paul</author><author>Dipayan Das</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The global demand for precise and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedical and clinical diagnostics has catalysed significant innovation in micro- and nanotechnology-based analytical systems. The lab-on-a-chip (LOC) nanoarchitectures are powerful tools for high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cancer cells. Thus, in oncology, cancer-on-a-chip models allow detection of tumour cell behaviour, including cellular interactions, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis across multiple organs. These devices are made up of nanoscale materials and microfluidic control, allowing real-time analysis of biological entities. These miniaturised systems can be used in-situ and have a portable sensing facility for bedside diagnosis. This facility significantly improves clinical outcomes and reduces mortality rates. The integration of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene, and quantum dots within microfluidic biochips enhances molecular recognition and signal transduction. Among these, electrochemical biosensors represent the most sensitive type of devices, capable of detecting biomolecules at trace or even atomic-level concentrations. The immuno-biochips that detect exosomal RNAs help to understand the tumour microenvironment and metastasis mechanisms. LOC devices that have optical, plasmonic, and dielectrophoretic detection techniques allow label-free, multiplexed analysis of circulating tumour cells and oncogene mutation, along with their expression profiles. Nanomaterial-based biosensing chips are rapid, sensitive, and miniaturised alternatives for oncogene detection and cancer diagnosis. Despite substantial progress, issues such as reproducibility, large-scale clinical validation, standardisation, and regulatory compliance continue to create barriers for these platforms to be regularly used in clinical practice. This review provides a critical assessment of nanoengineered lab-on-a-chip architectures for oncogene detection and systematically compares electrochemical and optical sensing approaches. It also discusses strategies to promote their integration into precision oncology and clinical diagnostic workflows.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1760783</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1760783</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dual - functional cRGD/pH - sensitive liposomes loaded with sorafenib: a novel therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xu Yang</author><author>Guangchun Sun</author><author>Xiaoyu Zhou</author><author>Qing Liang</author><author>Jing Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundSorafenib, a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is severely limited by its low oral bioavailability, lack of tumor specificity, and dose-limiting systemic adverse effects. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems, particularly liposomes, offer a promising strategy to overcome these limitations.MethodsWe developed a multifunctional liposomal system co-modified with a cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide and pH-sensitive components (cholesteryl hemisuccinate, CHEMS) for sorafenib delivery (cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor). The physicochemical properties, drug release profile, stability, and biosafety of this formulation were thoroughly characterized. Its targeting efficiency, cellular uptake, and antitumor efficacy were evaluated in both in vitro (Huh7 and HepG2 cells) and in vivo (Huh7-xenograft nude mice) models using techniques including HPLC, fluorescence imaging, CCK-8 and in vivo imaging system (IVIS).ResultsThe optimized cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor exhibited a uniform particle size distribution (116.73 ± 1.07 nm, polydispersity index of 0.224 ± 0.0017), negative zeta potential (−22.2 ± 3.50 mV), high encapsulation efficiency (84.1%), and a desirable pH-responsive drug release profile (cumulative release: 73.2% at pH 5.0% vs. 38.4% at pH 7.4). In vitro, cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor demonstrated significantly enhanced cellular uptake in HCC cells compared to free sorafenib and non-targeted liposomes, attributable to cRGD-mediated active targeting and pH-triggered release. In vivo imaging and biodistribution studies confirmed the superior tumor accumulation of cRGD-pH-Lipo. Most importantly, in a xenograft mouse model, cRGD-pH-Lipo/Sor achieved the most potent tumor growth inhibition without inducing significant systemic toxicity, as evidenced by body weight monitoring, serum biochemical analysis, and histopathological examination.ConclusionThe cRGD-modified, pH-sensitive liposomal platform effectively addresses key pharmacological drawbacks of sorafenib. It enhances tumor-targeted delivery, promotes intracellular drug release, and significantly improves the therapeutic index, presenting a promising novel strategy for the systemic treatment of advanced HCC.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1755550</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1755550</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Green-engineered MoS2-functionalized nonwoven fabric: washable, biocompatible, and pressure-sensitive smart textile]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hariprasad Ramachandran</author><author>Sharmila Nageswaran</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Smart textiles capable of reliable pressure sensing are essential for emerging wearable and biomedical applications; however, scalable fabrication routes that combine sensing performance, durability, and biological safety remain limited. This research presents a green engineered MoS2-functionalized nonwoven fabric that was developed as a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor using a citric-acid-assisted exfoliation and coating approach. Few-layer MoS2 nanosheets were uniformly coated on the fibrous substrate, forming a flexible conductive network without compromising fabric flexibility. The structural and surface studies confirm the successful intercalation of MoS2 with well-preserved layered structures. The fabricated textile shows a stable and repeatable electromechanical response in the applied pressure range of 600–6,000 Pa, wherein resistance decreases monotonically while voltage output increases as load is exerted. The sensor exhibits good repeatability (±0.05 V), low hysteresis (0.07 V), and a stable signal (response and recovery), and sustained electrical function was obtained over multiple washing cycles, implying practical robustness. Furthermore, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is demonstrated, and in vitro cytocompatibility tests indicate 79% cell viability at the highest tested concentration. These findings indicate that green engineered MoS2-coated nonwoven fabrics represent a promising platform for pressure-responsive smart textiles, enabling their integration into wearable and bio-interfacing applications.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1751841</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1751841</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Green algae-based sustainable nanoparticles: cutting-edge applications for sustainable development goals benchmark]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-04T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Mautushi Das</author><author>Tapan Kumar Mohanta</author><author>Marchia K. Sangma</author><author>Khikeya Semy</author><author>Bishwambhar Mishra</author><author>Sarvesh Rustagi</author><author>Nanaocha Sharma</author><author>Yugal Kishore Mohanta</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Green algae, a diverse and abundant bioresource, have emerged as a sustainable platform for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) with wide-ranging applications. This review paper involves the reduction of metal salts by biological factors such as algae, inducing nanoparticles with unique properties, highlighting their eco-friendly synthesis, unique physicochemical properties, and multifaceted applications in biomedicine, agriculture, environmental remediation, and food technology. Algae-mediated NPs exhibit significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and catalytic properties, making them valuable for drug delivery, water purification, and biofuel production. From the 17 goals of SDGs, the role of algae is emphasized, notably in potable water safe to drink (SDG 6), renewable and accessible energy sources (SDG 7), hunger eradication (SDG 2), and climate mitigation (SDG 13). Nanomaterials hold great promise across various applications, yet they face significant challenges. Key issues include scalability for mass production, ensuring economic viability, and navigating complex regulatory landscapes that can hinder their development and implementation. Future research aims to optimize production methods, enhance biocompatibility, and expand applications in nanotechnology. Green algae-based NPs represent a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional nanomaterials, offering innovative solutions for global environmental and health challenges.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1724130</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1724130</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Development and stability analysis of a lipid-based astaxanthin nanoemulsion, its application and effect on the immune response and survival of the Pacific white shrimp]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-25T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Camila Pereira Bruzinga</author><author>Claudia Marlene Bauer</author><author>Caroline Schmitz</author><author>Thaise Gerber</author><author>Eva Regina de Oliveira Rodrigues</author><author>Cynthia Ziech</author><author>Nohra Constanza Bolivar Ramirez</author><author>Camilla Souza Miranda</author><author>Maria Helena de Araujo Mendes</author><author>Flavio Campos de Arruda</author><author>Júlia Victória Rodriguez Heindrickson</author><author>Felipe Ferrari Ramos</author><author>Isabela de Almeida Gomes</author><author>Mateus de Souza Gasparotto</author><author>Carlos Costa Cavalcante</author><author>Scheila Anelise Pereira Dutra</author><author>Felipe Boechat Vieira</author><author>Leticia Mazzarino</author><author>Maria Beatriz da Rocha Veleirinho</author><author>Marcelo Maraschin</author>
        <description><![CDATA[This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulsion containing lipoencapsulated astaxanthin (AST) from Haematococcus pluvialis and evaluate its effects on the immune performance and survival of Penaeus vannamei shrimp when added to feed. The nanoemulsion was prepared by high-pressure homogenization using vegetable oils, AST oleoresin, and surfactants. It was characterized for size, polydispersity, Zeta potential, pH, morphology, and physicochemical stability for 90 days at 4 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 54 °C. The fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography, while the AST content was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The in vitro antioxidant activity was verified by the DPPH method. The profile of vegetable oils showed significant concentrations of PUFAs (77.18% and 78.74%, respectively). The AST concentration was 1.55 mg g−1 of nanoemulsion. The colloidal dispersions showed an average particle size 319.6 ± 0.5 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.290 ± 0.0 and spherical shape. The formulation showed a negative Zeta potential (−44 ± 0.40 mV). The antioxidant activity occurred for 90 days, but varied over time (p < 0.001). The nanoemulsion was stable during 90 days of storage at 25 °C. Six diets were tested: 10, 30, 50, 70 mg AST/kg−1 of feed, a negative control diet (NC) (70 mg without AST/kg−1), and a control diet. After 45 days of cultivation, hemolymph samples were collected for analysis of immunological parameters [total hemocyte count (THC)], protein content (P), phenoloxidase activity (PO), and agglutination capacity (Agl). P. vannamei survival was evaluated after a 96 h challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (4 × 108 CFU mL−1). There was no significant difference for THC and Agl (p < 0.05). P levels were higher in the intermediate treatments (30–70 mg AST kg−1) (p = 0.0454). PO showed higher concentrations in the treatments with 70 and 10 mg AST kg−1 (p = 0.0005). In the V. challenge, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) however, a promising trend of protection conferred by the developed nanoemulsion was observed. The 70 mg AST kg−1 nanoemulsion shows strong potential for use in animal feed, offering a sustainable option for shrimp farming by enhancing serum protein levels and phenoloxidase activity in P. vannamei.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1807665</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1807665</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Nonlinear optical processes in emerging nanomaterials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-20T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>C. Louca</author><author>C. Trovatello</author><author>M. Celebrano</author><author>A. Genco</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1757740</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1757740</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Docetaxel-loaded anti-PSMA-functionalised PLGA-PEG nanoparticles suppress cell migration in LNCap prostate cancer cells and promote cell death in 3D spheroids]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Divesha Essa</author><author>Mandeep Kaur</author><author>Pradeep Kumar</author><author>Yahya Essop Choonara</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPolymeric nanoparticles have been used in drug delivery to treat cancer by selective targeting of tumour cells and inducing programmed cell death. Previously optimized nano-systems loaded with docetaxel and functionalized with anti-PSMA antibody were used to investigate targeting of prostate cancer cells using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a target for receptor-mediated endocytosis and enhanced cellular uptake.MethodsCell migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and generation of reactive oxygen species were evaluated using in vitro assays on PSMA-positive LNCap and PSMA-negative PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Thereafter, the growth inhibition and viability of 3D spheroids cultured from LNCap cells were measured, and the efficacy of the targeted nano-system and its interaction with the spheroids were investigated using fluorescence microscopy.ResultsIn LNCap cells, the targeted system outperformed the non-targeted counterpart, resulting in migration inhibition of 89% ± 8.4% versus 48.1% ± 2.7% and G2/M phase arrest of 30.3% ± 3.0% versus 15.8% ± 2.8%. Conversely, treatment of PSMA-negative PC-3 cells resulted in no statistically significant changes to migration or cell cycle progression (p > 0.05), indicating that the therapeutic potency of the targeted system is mediated by PSMA-receptor-mediated endocytosis, a pathway unavailable in PC-3 cells. There was also higher inhibition of 3D LNCap spheroids by both nano-systems than by free docetaxel, with 67.8% ± 5.5% and 17.6% ± 4.6% inhibition for the targeted and non-targeted systems, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the targeted system was able to penetrate the 3D spheroid structure and cause cell death.DiscussionThe enhanced cellular activity and spheroid penetration of the targeted nano-system in LNCap cells, together with the lack of effect in PSMA-negative PC-3 cells, support PSMA-receptor-mediated endocytosis as the key uptake mechanism and suggest the potential of this anti-PSMA-functionalised PLGA-PEG nano-system as a targeted nanocarrier for docetaxel in prostate cancer.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2025.1677927</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2025.1677927</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Synthesis of eco-friendly ternary sulfide nanocrystals using a new sulfur–decene reagent in hydrocarbons]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ivan A. Shuklov</author><author>Vladimir V. Lim</author><author>Alexander Yu. Shalagin</author><author>Alexandra V. Seraja</author><author>Olesja V. Vershinina</author><author>Gleb M. Zirnik</author><author>Denis A. Vinnik</author><author>Victor V. Ivanov</author>
        <description><![CDATA[A new, highly reactive sulfur precursor was synthesized by dissolving elemental sulfur in 1-decene at an elevated temperature of 170 °C in a pressure tube, enabling the preparation of semiconductor sulfide nanocrystals (NCs) with diverse compositions and morphologies. By application of this new reagent, we demonstrated the preparation of eco-friendly ternary sulfide ABS2 NCs (A = Cu and Ag; B = Ga and In). The chemical composition of this sulfur reagent was analyzed by spectroscopic methods, and reactive species were revealed. The dependence of the morphology, size, and optical properties of CuInS2 NCs on the applied reagents and solvents was studied in detail. Hexadecane was identified as the solvent providing the narrowest distribution among hydrocarbons. Ag9GaS6 colloidal NCs were obtained for the first time by applying the new sulfur precursor and were fully characterized. All nanoparticles were characterized by optical spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, EDX, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and IR. Detailed Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of ABS2 NCs revealed the mixed nature of the ligand shell.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1727236</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2026.1727236</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Impact of selenium nanoparticles on plant stress tolerance: a comprehensive review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-02T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Gomathi Arivalagan</author><author>Utpal Das</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Selenium (Se), initially perceived mostly as a harmful element, is now recognised as an effective trace nutrient that promotes plant growth and stress resilience. Though not vital for most plant species, adequate Se concentrations may increase photosynthesis, activate antioxidant defence mechanisms, and improve tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stressors. The application of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has been proposed because they exhibit greater bioavailability, higher stability, and lower toxicity compared to inorganic selenium forms, and recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled their efficient synthesis. SeNPs are readily internalised by plants, where they promote growth, regulate osmotic balance, activate stress-responsive genes, and strengthen plant defence mechanisms while minimising pollution. Current research highlights the role of Se and SeNPs in regulating redox homeostasis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and defence signalling networks. This review synthesises recent findings on Se speciation, uptake pathways, metabolic incorporation, and the diverse physiological roles of SeNPs in improving crop resilience. Future studies must rely on clarifying the molecular mechanisms, determining optimal application strategies, and integrating SeNPs into sustainable agricultural practices to enhance productivity and stress tolerance, thereby addressing concerns over food security under the impacts of climate change.]]></description>
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