AUTHOR=Guissoni Campos Leila Maria , Campanari Gyovanna Sorrentino dos Santos , Santiago Jeferson , Santos Eduardo Vinicius Barboza , Santos Alana Cristy Ghiraldelli , Cabrini Mayara Longui , Audi Mauro , Costa Isabela Bazzo , Evangelista de Araujo Viviane Canhizares , Bodra Stephannie Monaco , Gualassi Maressa Monteiro Pereira , Motta-Teixeira Lívia Clemente , Pinato Luciana 

TITLE=Characterization of clock proteins in the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus of the Sapajus apella primate

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroanatomy

VOLUME=Volume 18 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroanatomy/articles/10.3389/fnana.2024.1480971

DOI=10.3389/fnana.2024.1480971

ISSN=1662-5129

ABSTRACT=This brief study employs anatomical and neurochemical approaches to investigate the presence of circadian rhythm-related genes in motor areas associated with basal ganglia circuits. In the initial version of the manuscript, the results demonstrated the presence of clock gene proteins in the substantia nigra during both daytime and nighttime periods. Following a reviewer's suggestion, we expanded our investigation in this primate study to include the examination of the clock proteins Per1, Per2, and Cry1 in a new brain area within the basal ganglia circuitry, the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Therefore, we opted to focus on characterizing the presence of these proteins and submitted this revised version to a journal with an anatomical focus.The significance of the STN lies in its connections with motor and non-motor regions, including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, striatum, and brainstem. Together, the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus are key midbrain structures involved in movement disorders, particularly those associated with Parkinsonism. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of these proteins in the motor areas of the primate Sapajus apella. Studies conducted in diurnal species, especially primates, are crucial for understanding evolutionary questions regarding the circadian system and rhythmic activity in motor areas.Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.