AUTHOR=Aloi Joseph , Kwon Elizabeth , Hummer Tom A. , Crum Kathleen I. , Shah Nikhil , Pratt Lauren , Aalsma Matthew C. , Finn Peter , Nurnberger John , Hulvershorn Leslie A. 

TITLE=Family history of substance use disorder and parental impulsivity are differentially associated with neural responses during risky decision-making

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroimaging

VOLUME=Volume 2 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2023.1110494

DOI=10.3389/fnimg.2023.1110494

ISSN=2813-1193

ABSTRACT=Background: Risky decision-making is associated with the development of substance use behaviors during adolescence.  Although prior work has investigated risky decision-making in adolescents at familial high risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs), little research has controlled for the presence of co-morbid externalizing disorders (EDs).  Additionally, few studies have investigated the role of parental impulsivity in offspring neurobiology associated with risky decision-making.  
Methods: One-hundred twenty-five children (28 healthy controls, 47 psychiatric controls with EDs without a familial history of SUD, and 50 high-risk children with co-morbid EDs with a familial history of SUD) participated in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.  Impulsivity for parents and children was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale.  
Results: We found that individuals in the psychiatric control group showed greater activation, as chances of balloon explosion increased, while making choices, relative to the healthy control and high-risk groups in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC).  We also found a positive association between greater activation and parental impulsivity in these regions.  However, within rACC, this relationship was moderated by group, such that there was a positive relationship between activation and parental impulsivity in the HC group, but an inverse relationship in the HR group.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that there are key differences in the neurobiology underlying risky decision-making in individuals with EDs with and without a familial history of SUD.