AUTHOR=Hussain Mohammad Arafat , Grant Patricia Ellen , Ou Yangming 

TITLE=Inferring neurocognition using artificial intelligence on brain MRIs

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroimaging

VOLUME=Volume 3 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2024.1455436

DOI=10.3389/fnimg.2024.1455436

ISSN=2813-1193

ABSTRACT=Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a unique lens to study neuroanatomic support of human neurocognition. A core mystery is the MRI explanation of individual differences in neurocognition and its manifestation in intelligence. The past four decades have seen great advancement in studying this century-long mystery, but the sample size and population-level studies limit the explanation at the individual level. The recent rise of big data and artificial intelligence offers novel opportunities. Yet, data sources, harmonization, study design, and interpretation must be carefully considered. This review aims to summarize past work, discuss rising opportunities and challenges, and facilitate further investigations on artificial intelligence inferring human neurocognition.