AUTHOR=Falip Mercè , Rodriguez-Bel Laura , Castañer Sara , Sala-Padró Jacint , Miro Júlia , Jaraba Sónia , Casasnovas Carlos , Morandeira Francisco , Berdejo Javier , Carreño Mar 

TITLE=Hippocampus and Insula Are Targets in Epileptic Patients With Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2018

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.01143

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2018.01143

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD ab) have been found in patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) and chronic pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy (FE). 
The objectives of the study were: 1) analyze the clinical and neuroimaging course of patients with FE+GAD ab, 2) compare these characteristics with a control group, and 3) describe the most affected cerebral areas in structural and functional imaging. 
 Patients with FE + high titers of GAD ab and a follow-up of at least 5 years were selected. Titers of serum GAD ab below 2000 UI/ml were considered high titers. Characteristics of clinical and radiological evolution were studied in comparison to two different control groups: patients with bilateral or with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (BMTS or UMTS) of a non-autoimmune origine. Thirteen patients and 17 controls were included (8 BMTS, 9 UMTS). In the patient group, the most frequent focal aware seizures (FAS) were psychic 5/13 (33%). Somatosensorial, motor, and visual FAS were only reported bypatients (4/13:32%) (p:0.045). Musicogenic reflex seizures (MRS) and previous history of cardiac syncope were also only reporte