AUTHOR=Mortaheb Sepehr , Filippini Maria Maddalena , Kaux Jean-François , Annen Jitka , Lejeune Nicolas , Martens Géraldine , Calderón Maria Antonia Fuentes , Laureys Steven , Thibaut Aurore 

TITLE=Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms: A Scoping Review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.687197

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2021.687197

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=Background and objectives: Persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) consist of neurologic and psychological complaints persisting after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It affects up to 50% of mTBI patients, causes long-term disability and reduces quality of life. The aim of this review was to ex-amine possible uses of different neuroimaging modalities in PCS.
Methods: Articles from Pubmed database were screened to extract studies that investigated the relation-ship between any neuroimaging features and symptoms of PCS. Descriptive statistics were applied to re-port results.
Results: 80 out of 939 papers were included in the final review. 10 examined conventional MRI (30% positive finding), 24 diffusion weighted imaging (54.17% positive finding), 23 functional MRI (82.61% positive finding), 9 electro(magneto)encephalography (77.78% positive finding), and 14 examined other techniques (71% positive finding).
Conclusion: MRI was the most widely used technique, while functional techniques seem to be the most sensitive tools to evaluate PCS. Common functional patterns associated with symptoms of PCS were a decreased anticorrelation between the default mode network and the task positive network and reduced brain activity in specific areas (most often prefrontal cortex).  
Significance: Our findings highlight the importance to use functional approaches which demonstrated a functional alteration in brain connectivity and activity in most studies assessing PCS.