AUTHOR=Chen Danyang , Tang Yingxin , Nie Hao , Zhang Ping , Wang Wenzhi , Dong Qiang , Wu Guofeng , Xue Mengzhou , Tang Yuping , Liu Wenjie , Pan Chao , Tang Zhouping 

TITLE=Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.727962

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2021.727962

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is related to a poor prognosis and high mortality. Three prognostic factors were identified for PBSH, including clinical factors, neuroradiological factors and neurophysiological factors. The development and presentation of scoring systems for PBSH are also presented in this review. There is a lack of high-quality clinical trials for the surgical treatment of PBSH, and the surgical timing and indicators remain unclear. Furthermore, the four most common surgical procedures are discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The ongoing STIPE trial should provide additional evidence for the surgical treatment of PBSH.