The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neuro-Otology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1436238
Association between caffeine intake from foods and beverages in the diet and hearing loss in United States adults
Provisionally accepted- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Background: Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent condition, significantly affecting individuals and society. Recent research has explored the potential impact of nutrition, particularly caffeine intake, on HL. While some studies focus on coffee, caffeine intake should be assessed across all dietary sources. This study examines the 2 association between dietary caffeine intake and HL. Methods: Our cross-sectional study included 6,082 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were divided into two groups based on their median caffeine intake: low and high. The study investigated two types of HL: speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL). Binary logistic regression analyzed the correlation between caffeine intake and HL, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model assessed potential non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses were also conducted.Results: High caffeine intake was associated with significantly higher rates of SFHL and HFHL compared to low intake (SFHL: 15.4% vs. 10%, HFHL: 30.5% vs. 20.6%, both p<0.001). Unadjusted logistic regression showed a higher likelihood of SFHL (OR[95%CI]=1.65[1.41-1.92]) and HFHL (OR[95%CI]=1.69[1.50-1.90]) in high caffeine consumers. After adjusting for confounders, high caffeine intake remained significantly associated with SFHL (OR[95%CI]=1.35[1.09-1.66]) but not HFHL (OR[95%CI]=1 .14[0.96-1.35]). The RCS model indicated a linear increase in the risk of SFHL and HFHL with higher caffeine intake (non-linear p=0.229 for SFHL, p=0.894 for HFHL). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased caffeine intake was linked to higher SFHL and HFHL risks in participants under 65 years but not in those 65 years and older (SFHL: p for interaction=0.002; HFHL: p for interaction <0.001).Our study indicates a strong correlation between dietary caffeine intake and the risk of HL in American adults, particularly those under 65. High caffeine intake was linked to an increased risk of SFHL, but not HFHL, after adjusting for 3 relevant variables.
Keywords: Hearing Loss, dietary, Caffeine intake, Speech-frequency hearing loss, High-frequency hearing loss, NHANES
Received: 21 May 2024; Accepted: 11 Jul 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Xia and Ren. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Fei Xia, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.