AUTHOR=Li Xue-yuan , Yu Zhi-yun , Li Hong-jiang , Yan Dong-ming , Yang Chao , Liu Xian-zhi 

TITLE=Biomarker identification associated with M2 tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1545608

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2025.1545608

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=PurposeM2 phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor growth, invasion, chemotherapy resistance and so on, leading to malignant progression. The aim of this study was to identify novel prognostic profiles in glioblastoma (GBM) by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with bulk RNA-seq.MethodsWe identified M2-associated genes by intersecting TAM marker genes derived from scRNA-seq with macrophage module genes from WGCNA RNA-seq data. Prognostic M2 TAM-related genes were determined using univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. In the following steps, prognostic characteristics, risk groups, and external validation were constructed and validated. The immune landscape of patients with GBM was examined by evaluating immune cells, functions, evasion scores, and checkpoint genes.ResultsAnalysis of scRNA-seq and bulk-seq data revealed 107 genes linked to M2 TAMs. Using univariate Cox and LASSO regression, 16 genes were identified as prognostic for GBM, leading to the creation and validation of a prognostic signature for GBM survival prediction.ConclusionOur findings reveal the immune landscape of GBM and enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M2 TAMs.