AUTHOR=Zhao Ruopeng , Xiong Xin , Li Zhenlin , Zhang Liming , Yang Haolun , Ye Zheng 

TITLE=Recent advances and educational strategies in diagnostic imaging for temporomandibular disorders: a narrative literature review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1597312

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2025.1597312

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=IntroductionTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of orofacial conditions characterized by pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning. However, educational content on TMD imaging in medical and dental curricula has lagged behind recent technological advances.MethodsThis review analyzes the current status of TMD imaging education based on a synthesis of literature and educational practices. It highlights discrepancies across institutional curricula and evaluates emerging strategies such as interdisciplinary learning, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tools, and simulation-based training.ResultsTMD imaging education is found to be inconsistent and underdeveloped globally, with significant variability in curriculum design and limited integration of modern imaging technologies. Current training programs lack standardized guidelines, resulting in knowledge gaps and increased risk of clinical misjudgment. Early findings suggest that AI and simulation tools can enhance educational outcomes.DiscussionTo bridge the gap between clinical practice and technology, a standardized, evidence-based educational framework is essential. Future strategies should include interprofessional collaboration, AI-driven diagnostic support, and immersive simulation environments. Implementing these measures will enable clinicians to accurately interpret TMD imaging and improve patient care.