AUTHOR=Abumilha Amjad Khalid Y. , Abukaftah Abdullah Saeed A. , Al-Mudhi Mohammed Mushabab , Al Fareh Nojoud Ali , Muflih Abudasser Abdulaziz 

TITLE=Association between migraine and depression, anxiety, and stress in the Aseer region: a cross-sectional study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1650891

DOI=10.3389/fneur.2025.1650891

ISSN=1664-2295

ABSTRACT=AimThis study aimed to assess the association between migraine and depression, anxiety, and stress in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Aseer region, targeting residents aged 18 years or older. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed through a pilot study and expert review. The final version of the questionnaire was distributed online to eligible participants.ResultsA total of 395 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to over 40 years, with a mean age of 28.5 ± 12.1 years. A total of 159 (40.3%) participants had symptomatic migraine. Migraine increased the likelihood of having depression by approximately seven times (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 3.9–12.7), anxiety disorder by approximately eight times (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 4.4–15.6), and stress by approximately five times (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1–8.3), after adjusting for the effects of other personal characteristics.ConclusionThe study found that less than half of the participants met the clinical criteria for migraine, resulting in high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, even after adjusting for other participant characteristics.