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        <title>Frontiers in Neurology | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Neurology | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-13T08:15:27.801+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1789311</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1789311</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Pre-hospital delay and its influencing factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study based on the health ecology model]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Juan Wei</author><author>Qiaowei Li</author><author>Xing Liu</author><author>Lingling Ji</author><author>Cuiyun Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Background and objectiveThe treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is time-dependent, and pre-hospital delays remain a significant barrier to effective stroke management worldwide. Previous studies have often focused on isolated factors; however, the problem is multifaceted. This study lies in applying the Health Ecology Model as a comprehensive framework to systematically investigate the multifaceted factors (Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Community, and Policy environment levels) associated with pre-hospital delay among AIS patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, we consecutively enrolled 439 AIS patients admitted to the stroke center of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou between January and December 2024. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical records, specifically aligned with the constructs of the Health Ecology Model. Measures included Intrapersonal level: Individual characteristics (e.g., number of stroke occurrences, symptoms at onset, mode of onset) and Behavioral and psychological factors (e.g., number of physical examination, Health literacy). Interpersonal level: family function (Family APGAR Index) and social support (Social Support Rating Scale). Community level: Living and working conditions (e.g., Employment status, Present residence). Policy environment level (e.g., Payment method, Awareness to call 120 for stroke emergency). Pre-hospital delay was defined as an onset-to-door time>6 h. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent influencing factors.ResultsThe pre-hospital delay rate was 54.44%. Significantly, factors from multiple levels of the Health Ecology Model were independently associated with delay: Lower stroke awareness(OR = 5.414, 95% CI 2.291–12.794), Perception of symptom severity (OR = 31.798, 95% CI 13.119–77.077), limb weakness /numbness (OR = 3.661, 95% CI 1.221–10.979), lower health literacy (OR = 1.064, 95% CI 1.041–1.088), poorer family function (OR = 1.545, 95% CI 1.138–2.097), lower social support (OR = 1.466, 95% CI 1.322–1.627), and stroke onset during the night (OR = 0.160, 95% CI 0.064–0.401),which increased the odds of delay.ConclusionPre-hospital delay is highly prevalent and is influenced by a complex interplay of factors across individual, family, and systemic levels, as elucidated by the Health Ecology Model. Our findings highlight the critical need to move beyond patient education alone and implement integrated, multi-level interventions. Public health campaigns should target both patients and their families to improve symptom recognition and health literacy. Concurrently, healthcare systems must be optimized, for instance by addressing barriers to after-hours care and strengthening pre-hospital pathways to ensure rapid triage to comprehensive stroke centers, ultimately improving access to timely revascularization therapies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1829149</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1829149</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Machine learning-based prediction of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular events after endovascular or microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and risk stratification by the early post-treatment triglyceride-glucose index]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yingchao He</author><author>Shuheng Chen</author><author>Deshan Liu</author><author>Zheng Zheng</author><author>Yongkun Li</author><author>Yinzhou Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundIschemic cardio-cerebrovascular events (ICCEs), including acute coronary syndrome and ischemic cerebral infarction, remain clinically important complications after endovascular or microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). However, early identification of patients at high post-treatment ischemic risk remains challenging, and reliable risk-stratification tools are lacking.ObjectiveTo develop a machine learning-based framework for predicting ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular events (ICCEs) within 6 months after treatment in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and to evaluate the risk-stratification value of the early post-treatment triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.MethodsA total of 1,954 patients with UIAs who underwent microsurgical or endovascular treatment between December 2021 and December 2024 were enrolled from the China Treatment Trial for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (ChTUIA) registry. Nine predictive models, including logistic regression as a baseline comparator, were evaluated after feature selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and the Boruta algorithm. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique was used to address class imbalance. Model performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility metrics, and the optimal model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations. The association between the post-treatment day-3 TyG index and ICCEs was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analyses.ResultsDuring the 6-month follow-up, 240 of 1,954 patients (12.28%) developed ICCEs. Of the included patients, 1,343 underwent endovascular treatment and 611 underwent microsurgical treatment. Among all models, CatBoost achieved the best overall performance, with an accuracy of 0.875 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.945 (95% CI, 0.927–0.963). SHAP analysis identified the post-treatment TyG index as one of the most influential predictors. In multivariable analysis, each 1-unit increase in TyG was associated with a 2.61-fold higher hazard of ICCEs (HR = 2.61, 95% CI: 2.29–2.96, p < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear positive association with a clear threshold effect at approximately TyG = 7.ConclusionThe CatBoost model demonstrates strong predictive performance for post-treatment ICCEs in UIA patients. The early post-treatment TyG index is independently and nonlinearly associated with ICCE risk and may serve as a simple, practical metabolic marker for individualized perioperative risk stratification.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1754777</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1754777</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments for prolonged disorders of consciousness: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Chunyue Xu</author><author>Han Yang</author><author>Wenyue Cai</author><author>Qun Liu</author><author>Mingjia Zhang</author><author>Hongge Zuo</author><author>Jianbang Su</author><author>Jingqi Shu</author><author>Zhenhua Xu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), median nerve stimulation (MNS), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), and acupuncture in improving the level of consciousness in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine (CBM), and VIP Database were systematically searched from inception to December 2024. Data synthesis and visualization were conducted using the “coda” and “gemtc” packages in R software and STATA 17.0. The Jadad scale was used for initial screening to exclude low-quality studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsA total of 32 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 1,770 participants were included in this network meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that rTMS, tDCS, MNS, HBO, and acupuncture were all associated with improved scores on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). The mean difference (MD) ranged from 17.32 (95% CrI: 6.57 to 104.25) in the rTMS group to 3.56 (95% CrI: 0.61 to 40.45) in the acupuncture group. According to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA), rTMS was associated with the highest probability of being the most effective intervention. In subgroup analyses, among patients with minimally conscious state (MCS), the MD ranged from 15.99 (95% CrI: 1.57 to 66.77) in the tDCS group to 9.72 (95% CrI: 2.07 to 61.04) in the MNS group, and among patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), the MD ranged from 18.52 (95% CrI: 2.15 to 108.73) in the rTMS group to 4.12 (95% CrI: 0.25 to 69.30) in the acupuncture group.ConclusionrTMS, tDCS, MNS, HBO, and acupuncture may improve CRS-R scores and promote consciousness recovery in patients with pDOC. Among these interventions, tDCS may be associated with more favorable effects in patients with MCS, whereas rTMS appears to be more beneficial for those with UWS.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1808282</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1808282</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrating multi-omics and machine learning to explore the role of amino acid metabolism in intervertebral disk degeneration]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Xusheng Li</author><author>Ahmad Nazrun Shuid</author><author>Mohd Fairudz Mohd Miswan</author><author>Xiao Zhang</author><author>Wenbo Gu</author><author>Donghui Cao</author><author>Jungang Wang</author><author>Ziyang Jiang</author><author>Haifeng Yuan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveIntervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of chronic low back pain, yet its link to amino acid metabolic reprogramming remains unclear.MethodsThree GEO transcriptomes were integrated; amino-acid-metabolism genes were intersected with differentially expressed genes. Core genes were selected by LASSO, SVM and random forest, incorporated into an SHAP-interpretable nomogram, and tested by single-cell analysis, in silico knockout, docking and WB.ResultsForty-three altered amino acid metabolism-related genes were identified, from which five core genes were screened: CETP, AIFM1, and GM2A were up-regulated; PNPLA2 and AGK were down-regulated. The constructed nomogram prediction model achieved an AUC value of 0.812. Degenerated intervertebral disks exhibited increased immune infiltration; the core genes either suppressed protective matrix genes or impaired stress defense capability. Molecular docking results showed that NVP-AEW541 and EGCG could bind to the AIFM1 protein with a binding free energy of −10.7 kcal/mol; WB confirmed protein trends.ConclusionThe five-core-gene signature is strongly associated with IDD and may represent a key regulatory pathway, offering a promising diagnostic model and potential therapeutic targets.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1792705</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1792705</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Association of steroid regimens and withdrawal with relapse risk in myasthenia gravis: a real-world cohort study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yangyu Huang</author><author>Ying Tan</author><author>Jingwen Yan</author><author>Yuzhou Guan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundCorticosteroids (steroids) are the first-line immunotherapy for myasthenia gravis (MG), but the optimal steroid dosing regimen and effects of discontinuation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of steroid regimens and steroid withdrawal with relapse risk in patients on steroid monotherapy.MethodsThis cohort study, based on a prospective registry, included MG patients who achieved minimal manifestations or better status for at least 6 months with steroid monotherapy. The primary outcome was relapse. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified steroid regimens, and Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score matching (PSM) assessed the association of regimens and steroid withdrawal with relapse.ResultsAmong 209 patients followed for a median of 54.0 months, 113 (54.1%) experienced relapses. GBTM identified three regimens reflecting baseline disease severity: “High Start, Fast Taper” (Regimen 1), “Moderate Start, Gradual Taper” (Regimen 2), and “Low Start, Slow Taper” (Regimen 3). Compared to the high-risk Regimen 1, Regimen 2 (HR = 0.27, p < 0.001) and Regimen 3 (HR = 0.15, p < 0.001) were associated with significantly lower relapse risks. A statistically determined cut-off analysis found that requiring a maximum induction dose >0.83 mg/kg to achieve MM or better status was a predictor of relapse (HR = 1.54, p = 0.033). Sixty-eight (32.5%) withdrew steroids, and PSM showed that steroid withdrawal significantly increased relapse risk versus low-dose maintenance (HR = 1.64, p = 0.009).ConclusionIn this steroid-responsive population, patients requiring a maximum induction dose > 0.83 mg/kg to achieve MM or better status have a significantly higher risk of future relapse. Steroid withdrawal is associated with a higher relapse risk compared to low-dose maintenance and should be approached with caution.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1821856</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1821856</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Acute glycemic variability and short-term mortality of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Lin Huang</author><author>Le Xie</author><author>Dahua Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAcute glycemic variability (GV) has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker in critically ill patients, but its association with mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between acute GV and short-term mortality in patients with SAH.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched from inception to identify longitudinal observational studies assessing acute GV during hospitalization and reporting short-term mortality (≤90 days) in adult patients with SAH. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models accounting for the influence of potential heterogeneity.ResultsSeven cohort studies involving 10,119 patients were included, among whom 2,485 (24.6%) died within 90 days. Pooled results suggested that high acute GV was significantly associated with increased short-term mortality (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34–2.01; p < 0.001; I2 = 15%). Subgroup analyses showed a stronger association was observed in studies with glucose monitoring > 3 days compared with ≤3 days (OR 2.62 vs. 1.48; p for subgroup difference = 0.03). Further subgroup analyses suggested that the association was consistent across subgroups stratified by study design, geographic region, mean age, sex distribution, diabetes proportion, follow-up duration, and study quality (all p for subgroup differences > 0.05).ConclusionHigher acute GV was associated with increased short-term mortality in patients with SAH. Prolonged glucose monitoring may enhance prognostic value. These findings suggest that acute glucose fluctuations may serve as a risk factor for short-term mortality in patients with SAH.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/search, identifier CRD420261330574.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1827022</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1827022</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Three-year real-world effectiveness, treatment persistence, and planned discontinuation of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention: a single-center cohort from Japan]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hideyo Kasai</author><author>Taro Yasumoto</author><author>Shota Kosuge</author><author>Ayako Osanai</author><author>Keita Mizuma</author><author>Akinori Futamura</author><author>Takeshi Kuroda</author><author>Kenjiro Ono</author><author>Hidetomo Murakami</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionLong-term real-world evidence beyond 24 months for anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies is scarce, particularly regarding treatment persistence and planned discontinuation after goal attainment.MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective study of consecutive patients aged ≥15 years who initiated galcanezumab or fremanezumab (monthly/quarterly) between May 2021 and June 2022. Specifically, patients aged ≥15 years with episodic migraine (EM; <15 headache days/month), high-frequency EM (HFEM; 8–14 days/month), or chronic migraine (CM; ≥15 days/month) were included according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria. The outcomes included monthly migraine days (MMDs), the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months. Responder rates (RRs) (≥50%, ≥75, and 100%) and continuation/discontinuation reasons were summarized with prespecified and sensitivity analyses. The primary subgroup analysis was prespecified as EM vs. HFEM+CM.ResultsOverall, 50 patients were analyzed at baseline (mean age: 42.5 years; 88% women); 28 of the 50 (56%) patients continued therapy for 3 years. Among patients who continued therapy, MMDs decreased from 12.0 ± 5.4 to 5.6 ± 5.4 at 36 months, with parallel improvements in the MIDAS, HIT-6, and VAS (all p < 0.01). Responder rates were durable (≥50%: 55.6% at 36 months; ≥75%: 29.6%; 100%: 11.1%). Discontinuation frequently reflected treatment completion after goal attainment (24%); no adverse-event–related discontinuations occurred.ConclusionOver 3 years, anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies provided sustained preventive effectiveness and favorable tolerability in routine practice, supporting individualized decision-making regarding continuation, planned discontinuation, and regimen selection.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1820825</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1820825</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Disease-specific divergence of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in neurocritical neuromuscular disorders]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Sezgin Kehaya</author><author>Erdi Şensöz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) are immune mediated neuromuscular disorders that may require intensive immunotherapy and respiratory support. Although inflammatory biomarkers have been explored in both conditions, their diagnosis specific prognostic value remains unclear. We aimed to compare hemogram-derived inflammatory indices and metabolic injury-related biomarkers in hospitalized MG and GBS patients and to evaluate their associations with disease severity and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 162 patients (88 MG, 74 GBS) treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and/or plasma exchange. Hemogram-derived indices (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], systemic immune–inflammation index [SII]), classical inflammatory markers, and metabolic biomarkers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the LDH to albumin ratio (LAR) were analyzed in relation to neurological severity, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mechanical ventilation (MV). Receiver operating characteristic analyses and diagnosis-specific multivariable logistic regression models were performed.ResultsMechanical ventilation occurred in 10.5% of patients and was strongly associated with baseline neurological severity in both disorders (p < 0.001). In MG, hemogram-derived indices (particularly NLR and SII) demonstrated good discriminatory performance for severe disease and were associated with adverse outcomes. LDH-based parameters, particularly LAR, which may reflect metabolic stress, were associated with disease severity and respiratory involvement in MG. In GBS, outcomes were predominantly determined by neurological severity measures, whereas inflammatory indices showed limited and inconsistent prognostic value. Post-treatment transaminase elevations were modestly associated with more severe disease in GBS. In multivariable models, baseline clinical severity remained the most consistent determinant of mechanical ventilation across both conditions.ConclusionsBiomarker utility differs between MG and GBS. In MG, inflammatory indices and LDH-based parameters, particularly the LAR, were associated with disease severity and may support risk stratification, including identification of patients at risk for respiratory deterioration. These findings are exploratory and require prospective validation. In GBS, outcomes remain primarily determined by neurological severity.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1802799</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1802799</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Study on the effects and mechanisms of rhythmic auditory stimulation on freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: investigation based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Lingyu Sheng</author><author>Ziyao Zhang</author><author>Guiyun Cui</author><author>Jie Xiang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionFreezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is a critical determinant of motor impairment and fall risk. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) has been shown to ameliorate FOG symptoms, although the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood.ObjectivesThis research employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze three RAS—two external auditory cueing strategies (beat perception and music therapy) and one internal cueing method (mental beat imagery)—to examine gait parameters and cortical activation patterns in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait (PD + FOG) compared to healthy controls (HC). The study also sought to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of these rhythm-based interventions in alleviating FOG episodes.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with PD + FOG and twenty-eight age-matched HC were enrolled in the study. Gait analysis was performed during narrow corridor ambulation, designed to induce freezing episodes, and during straight-line walking in an open environment. fNIRS was employed to measure fluctuations in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) concentrations, serving as indicators of cortical activation. Regions of interest (ROIs) included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and temporal cortex (TLC). Intracortical functional connectivity during each locomotor task was evaluated through correlation analyses of HbO2 signals between the ROIs.ResultsPD + FOG patients exhibited gait disturbances characterized by reduced gait velocity and stride length, along with increased mediolateral postural sway during freezing episodes. Neuroimaging indicated significantly decreased activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), PMC, and PFC compared to healthy controls, despite elevated intracortical connectivity involving indirect corticospinal pathways. Differential responses to RAS interventions were noted: rhythmic auditory cues enhanced connectivity between TLC and PMC; music therapy significantly improved PFC intrinsic connectivity; whereas imagined auditory cues potentially impaired sensorimotor integration due to excessive reliance on internal cognitive mechanisms.ConclusionVarious RAS pathways can ameliorate freezing of gait symptoms by selectively modulating functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor circuits. The underlying neural mechanisms may largely involve neural entrainment and reorganization of brain networks. These results offer vital empirical insights into the pathophysiology of gait freezing and provide a preliminary theoretical basis for designing precision neuromodulation interventions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1788639</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1788639</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Rehmannioside A alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury by suppressing microglial activation via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shiyu Zhou</author><author>Yiwan Fang</author><author>Haoxin Ji</author><author>Huazheng Yan</author><author>Jianxiong Gao</author><author>Hezuo Lü</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a robust neuroinflammatory response characterized by microglial activation, which propagates secondary neuronal damage and contributes to long-term neurological deficits. Rehmannioside A (REA), a principal bioactive compound from Rehmannia glutinosa, has emerged as a candidate for neuroprotection due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential and precise mechanisms of action in TBI remain to be fully elucidated.MethodsWe employed a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in mice to mimic clinical TBI. Animals were randomized into Sham/Veh, Sham/REA, TBI/Veh, and TBI/REA (40 mg/kg) groups. Neurological and cognitive functions were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Cerebral edema was measured, and histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E and Nissl staining. LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells were used for in vitro experiments. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR, and activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway was analyzed by western blotting.ResultsREA treatment significantly improved neurological scores, spatial learning and memory, and reduced cerebral edema and neuronal loss in TBI mice. REA suppressed microglial activation in vivo and dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro. These beneficial effects are associated with reduced phosphorylation of p65 (NF-κB) and p38 (MAPK) in activated microglia in vitro.ConclusionREA ameliorates functional deficits and neuropathology following TBI. The neuroprotective effect may involve suppression of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1826373</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1826373</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Real-world efficacy and safety of Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a propensity score-matched analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Peng Zhang</author><author>Liangyun Sun</author><author>Liangxue Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundReal-world evidence comparing Tenecteplase and Alteplase for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of these thrombolytic agents in an unselected patient cohort.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study analyzed AIS patients undergoing reperfusion therapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline covariates between Tenecteplase and Alteplase groups. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) at 90 days. Safety endpoints included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality.ResultsAmong 371 eligible patients, 68 (18.3%) received Tenecteplase. In the matched cohort, Tenecteplase demonstrated comparable efficacy to Alteplase regarding functional independence (p > 0.05). Although the incidence of sICH was numerically higher in the Tenecteplase group, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.449). Workflow efficiency, measured by door-to-needle time, was similar between groups.ConclusionTenecteplase exhibits a non-inferior efficacy and safety profile compared to Alteplase in a real-world setting characterized by high baseline stroke severity. These findings support Tenecteplase as a practical and effective therapeutic alternative for routine AIS management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1825718</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1825718</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Overexpression of long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed protects spinal cords against ischemia by targeting microRNA-181a-5p/Sirtuin-1 axis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhi Wang</author><author>Wei Wang</author><author>Rui Tang</author><author>Shilun Gao</author><author>Yubao Zhu</author><author>Tianxiang Gu</author><author>Xiaojing Jiang</author><author>Enyi Shi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of long non-coding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) on ischemic spinal cords.Materials and methodsThe binding relationship between CRNDE and microRNA-181a-5p was detected using dual luciferase assays. Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rats by cross clamping the descending aorta. CRNDE expression was induced by intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus vectors containing CRNDE. The hind-limb motor function of the rats was then assessed over a period of 3 weeks following reperfusion. Lumbar spinal cords were harvested for histologic examinations. Expressions of CRNDE, microRNA-181a-5p and related proteins were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.ResultsLuciferase assays demonstrated that CRNDE bound to microRNA-181a-5p, and Sirt1 was a direct target of microRNA-181a-5p. The transient ischemia induced a significant decrease of CRNDE expression accompanied by a robust increase of microRNA-181a-5p expression in spinal cords. Intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus vectors containing CRNDE resulted in a significant enhancement of CRNDE expression and a repression of microRNA-181a-5p expression in spinal cords. Consequently, CRNDE overexpression was found to inhibit neuronal apoptosis, attenuate histologic damage, increase the number of surviving neurons, and improve the hind-limb motor function after spinal cord ischemia.ConclusionCRNDE overexpression induces spinal cord protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury, possibly via microRNA-181a-5p/Sirt1 axis.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1820005</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1820005</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The clinical effect of manual therapy including Tuina (or Chuna) on post-stroke shoulder hand syndrome–a literature review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Ga-Young Kim</author><author>Won-Suk Sung</author><author>Eun-Jung Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundPost-stroke SHS is a common sequela of stroke, presenting with pain, hypersensitivity, allodynia, and edema in the upper extremities. These symptoms can significantly hinder functional recovery and reduce quality of life. Manual therapy, including Tuina (or Chuna) has been increasingly applied in integrative rehabilitation; however, its clinical role has not been systematically evaluated.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across 13 databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), KoreaMed, Korean Medical Database (KMBase), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceON, KoreaScience, DBPia, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). Studies were selected according to predefined criteria. We extracted and analyzed the characteristics of the selected studies to evaluate their clinical efficacy and safety.ResultsAll 13 selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that applied Tuina manual therapy. These interventions were additionally interpreted within the framework of Chuna manual therapy. Among these, 1 study employed lymphatic drainage massage as the manual therapy, while the remaining 12 studies targeted specific body areas or acupuncture points. Based on the treatment approaches, we classified the studies into 4 categories: monotherapy (1 study), add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (2 studies), add-on therapy with conventional treatment (7 studies) or combination therapy (3 studies). All studies reported significant effects across various outcome measures, while only 2 evaluated the occurrence of adverse events.ConclusionThis research suggests the potential clinical value of manual therapy including Tuina (or Chuna) into SHS. However, there was variability in the duration of therapies, techniques, acupuncture points, and outcome measures, which made it difficult to generalize the results. To develop standardized guidelines for manual therapy in SHS, further large-scale, multinational studies are needed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1706424</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1706424</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Optimal drain position after evacuation of chronic subdural hematomas: a systematic review and network meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Ningyu Wei</author><author>Hongyu Lu</author><author>Yuan Cheng</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most prevalent diseases encountered in neurosurgery. At present, burr-hole hematoma drainage has been established as the standard surgical intervention for CSDH, effectively reducing the risk of postoperative recurrence. The current study employed systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of drain placement in three different anatomical locations—subdural drain (SDD), subperiosteal drain (SPD), and subgaleal drain (SGD)—on treatment outcomes.MethodsA search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to February 14, 2026. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. R (v4.4.0) and Stata18 were used for the NMA.ResultsThis NMA included 14 articles comprising 4,161 patients. The drainage locations evaluated were SDD, SPD, and SGD. Pooled results were analyzed based on two classification systems: Classification I (anatomical location) and Classification II (anatomical location + technique). (1) Recurrence rate: Classification I: According to the league table, SGD was associated with a significantly lower recurrence rate versus No_drain [risk ratio (RR) = 0.43, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.20–0.96]. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), SGD (78.25%) ranked as the best intervention. Classification II: According to the league table, subgaleal active drainage (SGD_a) was significantly associated with recurrence versus No_drain (RR = 0.26, 95% CrI: 0.10–0.75), and also ranked highest in SUCRA (79.83%). (2) Mortality: Classification I: SGD was associated with reduced mortality (SUCRA = 72.64%). Classification II: subdural irrigation drainage (SDD_irr) showed the best efficacy in reducing mortality (SUCRA = 63.85%).ConclusionSGD_a and SDD_irr exhibit significant potential in reducing recurrence rates and mortality, respectively, in the management of CSDH. However, due to the physiological conditions and disease features of old and high-risk populations, careful assessment is necessary when selecting treatment approaches in clinical practice. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the actual efficacy of these two treatment modalities.Systematic review registrationThis study is a systematic review and network meta-analysis and has been registered in the PROSPERO database. Registration ID: CRD42024587692. Official URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=587692.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1814482</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1814482</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The association between red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio and migraine: evidence from clinical and population-based cohorts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Rui Lu</author><author>Feng Li</author><author>Menghuan Yan</author><author>Xiaoxian Deng</author><author>Xintian Liu</author><author>Qi Chen</author><author>Haojie Zhang</author><author>Feng Zhu</author><author>Xuan Zheng</author><author>Gangcheng Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundThe red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) has been linked to inflammatory processes in neurological disorders, but its association with migraine-related outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between RAR and migraine.MethodsWe investigated the association between RAR and ICHD-3-diagnosed migraine in a single-center retrospective observational cohort of consecutive adult patients presenting with headache to the Structural Heart Disease Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, between January 2024 and June 2025. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between RAR and migraine. P for trend across RAR quartiles was used to assess linear dose–response patterns, whereas restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used separately to examine potential nonlinearity. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore effect modification. For complementary epidemiological evidence, the relationship between RAR and self-reported severe headache or migraine was explored using a general population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (1999–2004 cycles).ResultsIn the Chinese clinical cohort, higher RAR was associated with greater odds of ICHD-3-diagnosed migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 6.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–19.82, p = 0.001), with evidence of an overall association and no evidence of nonlinearity on RCS analysis (P overall = 0.004; P nonlinearity = 0.462). In the NHANES cohort, higher RAR was associated with greater odds of self-reported severe headache or migraine (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06–1.43, p = 0.006), also with no evidence of nonlinearity (P overall < 0.001; P nonlinearity = 0.902). A stronger association was observed among individuals aged <50 years in subgroup analyses (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.74–2.48, p < 0.001). Exploratory analysis further suggested that BMI may partly account for the observed association in NHANES, possibly reflecting shared variance or potential confounding.ConclusionHigher RAR was associated with migraine-related outcomes in the two complementary datasets. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in prospective studies.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1838518</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1838518</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: The regeneration and intervention of neurological tissue after acute and chronic injuries: from benchside to bedside]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Xuan He</author><author>Siyu Zhou</author><author>Ye Li</author><author>Liang Wang</author><author>Jiannan Li</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1857435</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1857435</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Analysis of treatment outcome variations in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Xue Gong</author><author>Jing Gan</author><author>Xiaoqian Wang</author><author>Jun Chen</author><author>Xueyi Rao</author><author>Jianjun Wang</author><author>Yajun Shen</author><author>Jia Zhang</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1803502</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1803502</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Association between the systemic inflammation response index and serum uric acid in acute traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jinrong Wang</author><author>Hong Huang</author><author>Keyu Dai</author><author>Zicong Li</author><author>Liguo Zhang</author><author>Hua Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) involves systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disturbances. The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and serum uric acid (UA) are both linked to inflammatory and oxidative processes, but their relationship in acute TBI is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the association between SIRI and serum UA in adults with acute TBI, including potential nonlinear patterns and differences by sex and injury severity.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,930 adults with CT-confirmed acute TBI admitted between March 2018 and April 2024. Laboratory data were collected within 24 h of admission. SIRI was calculated as neutrophil × monocyte/lymphocyte. Multivariable linear regression, generalized additive models, and piecewise linear regression were used to assess the association between SIRI and UA. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) category.ResultsHigher SIRI was independently associated with higher UA levels. In the fully adjusted model, each 1-unit increase in SIRI corresponded to a 0.88 μmol/L increase in UA (β = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.29–1.47). The relationship was approximately linear, and the threshold model did not significantly improve fit. The association was significant in both sexes, stronger in females, and significant only in patients with severe TBI (GCS 3–8).ConclusionHigher SIRI was associated with increased serum UA in acute TBI, suggesting a link between systemic inflammation and purine metabolism after injury. This relationship may be stronger in females and in severe TBI. Further longitudinal multicenter studies are needed.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1677483</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1677483</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Post-discharge “continuum of care” clinical pathway (CP) for persons with severe neuro-disabilities – qualitative research to model needs-based community healthcare, capture the real-life care situation, and assess the appropriateness of the CP's concept with input from community- and hospital-based healthcare professionals]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Stephanie Reichl</author><author>Sybille Roschka</author><author>Bernadette Einhäupl</author><author>Danae Götze</author><author>Christopher Schössow</author><author>Andreas Bender</author><author>Thomas Platz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[ObjectiveTo document opinions and experiences of representatives from three different interest groups regarding “needs-based healthcare” of people with severe neuro-disability requiring home-based specialized intensive care nursing (HSICN) and continued community-based rehabilitation efforts, to evaluate the appropriateness of an evidence- and guideline-based clinical pathway (CP) for trans-sectoral specialist support by regional outreach follow-up teams (ROFT) from inpatient neurological early rehabilitation (NER) and its implementation.MethodsQualitative exploratory study design: Semi-structured group-interviews with representatives of the three stakeholder groups, i.e., HSICN, therapists in the community (THER-C), and ROFT followed by a multi-stage analysis and interpretation process of their responses.ResultsThree interviews-sessions were conducted with a total of 11 group-representatives. A total of 301 individual responses (i) were documented. Based on their experience, the interview partners identified a multitude of relevant aspects for an appropriate needs-based healthcare (i = 80) of the specific clientele, as well as facilitators (i = 44) and barriers (i = 82) for its implementation. The appropriateness of the developed CP was largely confirmed (i = 20). Support by a ROFT (i = 33) was mostly positively evaluated. Additional aspects considered necessary for needs-based healthcare (i = 42) were articulated.ConclusionThe proposed and implemented clinical pathway as a model of “needs-based healthcare” in the community for people with severe neuro-disability and the role of ROFT as an enabling specialist function supporting community healthcare were considered appropriate. The qualitative research identified several system-level constraints as barriers. Some were context-specific, i.e., remuneration for coordination time, fragmented funding streams, and incentives around decannulation/weaning. As presumably universally relevant design principles for the trans-sectoral care approach were identified: multiprofessional workforce capacity and minimum competency standards in the community, center-based specialist support for the community, case management, structured interprofessional exchange, shared documentation, and a potential role of telemedicine. The absence of patient and caregiver perspectives is a relevant limitation to be overcome by future research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1733609</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1733609</link>
        <title><![CDATA[“How involved do you feel?” The PILS-Stroke questionnaire: a Rasch-built measure of social participation after stroke]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-11T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Edouard Ducoffre</author><author>Yannick Bleyenheuft</author><author>Massimo Penta</author><author>Merlin Somville</author><author>Zélie Rosselli</author><author>Geoffroy Saussez</author><author>Yves Vandermeeren</author><author>Carlyne Arnould</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAdvances in acute stroke management have increased the number of individuals living with long-term disabilities, presenting challenges in maintaining prior levels of participation in life situations. Return to active participation can be seen as the goal of rehabilitation, given its clear impact on patients‘ quality of life. In this study, we aimed to develop the Participation in Life Situations-Stroke (PILS-Stroke) questionnaire, a self-reported Rasch-built tool for measuring patients' social involvement in meaningful life situations.MethodsWe assembled a 72-item experimental version of PILS-Stroke, which was grounded on patients' and experts' perspectives via an initial item content review followed by item relevance/comprehensibility assessment. We then administered the questionnaire to 105 post-stroke individuals (58% males; mean ± SD: 62 ± 14 years) discharged for at least one month from hospital. Participants rated their involvement in life situations using a 3-point scale (0: “I would like to, but I don't get involved”; 1: “I get involved a little”; 2: “I get involved a lot”; ?: “I don't know/I don't want to get involved”). The responses were analyzed using the Rasch measurement model (RUMM2030+ software) to select the items presenting the best psychometric properties, resulting in an objective and unidimensional measurement tool. Construct validity was assessed using ten clinical measures covering International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains (body functions, activities, participation).ResultsThe final 38-item PILS-Stroke demonstrated good reliability [Person Separation Index (PSI) = 0.89] and defined a unidimensional and linear scale for measuring stroke patients' social participation. There was a high correlation between social participation with satisfaction regarding activities/participation (SATIS-Stroke, rs = 0.7, P < 0.001) and weak-to-moderate correlation with performance of motor activities (ACTIVLIM-CS, ABILHAND-CS, ABILOCO-CS; 0.20 ≤ rs ≤ 0.39, P < 0.049) and certain psychological indicators (depression [HADS], rs = −0.45, P < 0.001; confidence [CaSM], rs = 0.47, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPILS-Stroke is a valid and reliable unidimensional tool specifically developed to measure stroke patients' social involvement in life situations. Its psychometric properties show promising potential for monitoring patients' social participation and quantifying the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs promoting their social inclusion.]]></description>
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