AUTHOR=Petersen Sandra L., Intlekofer Karlie A., Moura-Conlon Paula J., Brewer Daniel N., del Pino Sans Javier , Lopez Justin A. TITLE=Novel progesterone receptors: neural localization and possible functions JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=7 YEAR=2013 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2013.00164 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2013.00164 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=

Progesterone (P4) regulates a wide range of neural functions and likely acts through multiple receptors. Over the past 30 years, most studies investigating neural effects of P4 focused on genomic and non-genomic actions of the classical progestin receptor (PGR). More recently the focus has widened to include two groups of non-classical P4 signaling molecules. Members of the Class II progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family are called membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) and include: mPRα (PAQR7), mPRβ (PAQR8), mPRγ (PAQR5), mPRδ (PAQR6), and mPRε (PAQR9). Members of the b5-like heme/steroid-binding protein family include progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), PGRMC2, neudesin, and neuferricin. Results of our recent mapping studies show that members of the PGRMC1/S2R family, but not mPRs, are quite abundant in forebrain structures important for neuroendocrine regulation and other non-genomic effects of P4. Herein we describe the structures, neuroanatomical localization, and signaling mechanisms of these molecules. We also discuss possible roles for Pgrmc1/S2R in gonadotropin release, feminine sexual behaviors, fluid balance and neuroprotection, as well as catamenial epilepsy.