AUTHOR=Shupe Larry E. , Miles Frank P. , Jones Geoff , Yun Richy , Mishler Jonathan , Rembado Irene , Murphy R. Logan , Perlmutter Steve I. , Fetz Eberhard E. 

TITLE=Neurochip3: An Autonomous Multichannel Bidirectional Brain-Computer Interface for Closed-Loop Activity-Dependent Stimulation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 15 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.718465

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2021.718465

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Toward addressing many neuroprosthetic applications, the Neurochip3 (NC3) is a multichannel bidirectional brain-computer interface that operates autonomously and can support closed-loop activity-dependent stimulation.  It consists of 4 circuit boards populated with off-the-shelf components and is sufficiently compact to be carried on the head of a non-human primate.  NC3 has 6 main components: (1) an analog front-end with an Intan biophysical signal amplifier (16 differential or 32 single-ended channels) and a 3-axis accelerometer, (2) a digital control system comprised of a Cyclone V FPGA and Atmel SAM4 MCU, (3) a micro SD card for 128 GB or more storage, (4) a 6-channel differential stimulator with ±60 V compliance, (5) a rechargeable battery pack supporting autonomous operation for up to 24 hours and (6) infrared transceiver and serial ports for communication.  The NC3 and earlier versions have been successfully deployed in many closed-loop operations to induce synaptic plasticity and bridge lost biological connections, as well as deliver activity-dependent intracranial reinforcement.  These paradigms to strengthen or replace impaired connections have many applications in neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation.