AUTHOR=Chen Ziyang , Wang Zhuowei , Zhao Meng , Zhao Qin , Liang Xuehu , Li Jiajian , Song Xiaoyu 

TITLE=A new classification network for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease in class-imbalance MRI datasets

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.807085

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2022.807085

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Automatic identification of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can effectively assist doctors diagnose and treat Alzheimer's. Current methods improve the accuracy of AD recognition, but they are insufficient to address the challenge of small interclass and large intraclass differences. Some studies attempt to embed patch-level structure in neural networks which enhance pathologic details, but the enormous size and time complexity renders these methods unfavorable. Furthermore, several self-attention mechanisms fail to provide contextual information to represent discriminative regions, which limits the performance of these classifiers. In addition, current loss function is adversely affected by outliers of class imbalance and may fall into local optimal values. Therefore, we propose a 3D Residual RepVGG Attention network (ResRepANet), several lightweight blocks to brain disease identification, which can also trade off accuracy and flexibility. Specifically, we propose a Non-local Context Spatial Attention block (NCSA) and embed it in our proposed ResRepANet, which aggregates global contextual information in spatial features to improve semantic relevance in discriminative regions. In addition, in order to reduce the influence of outliers, we propose a Gradient Density Multiple-weighting Mechanism (GDMM) to automatically adjust the weights of each MRI image via a normalizing gradient norm. Experiments were conducted on datasets from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL). Experiments on both datasets show that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve are consistently better than for state-of-the-art methods.