AUTHOR=Xiong Yu , Song Jianping , Huang Xinyue , Pan Zhigang , Goldbrunner Roland , Stavrinou Lampis , Lin Shu , Hu Weipeng , Zheng Feng , Stavrinou Pantelis 

TITLE=Exosomes Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Novel Effects in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.899887

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2022.899887

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Ischemic stroke is defined as infarction of the brain, caused by impaired cerebral blood supply, leading to local brain tissue ischemia, hypoxic necrosis, and occurrence of corresponding neurological deficits. At present, the strategies of revascularization in patients with acute ischemic stroke include intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical endovascular treatment. However, due to the short treatment time window (＜4.5 hours) and method restrictions, clinical research is focusing on new methods to treat ischemic stroke. Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles produced in the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells, containing DNA, complex RNA and protein (30-150nm). They are released into surrounding extracellular fluid upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Exosomes have the characteristics of low immunogenicity, good innate stability, high transmission efficiency, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making them potential therapeutics for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The seed sequence of miRNA secreted by exosomes is base-paired with complementary mRNA to improve the microenvironment of ischemic tissue, thereby regulating downstream signal transduction activities. With exosome research still in theoretical and experimental stages, this review aims to shed light on the potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke.