AUTHOR=Di Guangfu , Tan Mingze , Xu Rui , Zhou Wei , Duan Kaiqiang , Hu Zongwen , Cao Xiaoxiang , Zhang Hongchuang , Jiang Xiaochun 

TITLE=Altered Structural and Functional Patterns Within Executive Control Network Distinguish Frontal Glioma-Related Epilepsy

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.916771

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2022.916771

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Objective: The tumor invasion of the frontal lobe induces changes in the executive control network (ECN). It remains unclear whether epileptic seizures in frontal glioma patients exacerbate the structural and functional alterations within the ECN, and whether these changes can be used to identify glioma-related seizures at an early stage. This study aimed to investigate the altered structural and functional patterns of ECN in frontal gliomas without epilepsy (nonFGep) and frontal gliomas with epilepsy (FGep) and to evaluate whether the patterns can accurately distinguish glioma-related epilepsy.
Methods: We measured gray matter (GM) volume, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) within the ECN to identify the structural and functional changes in 50 patients with frontal gliomas (29 nonFGep and 21 FGep) and 39 healthy controls (CN). We assessed the relationships between the structural and functional changes and cognitive function using partial correlation analysis. Finally, we applied a pattern classification approach to test whether structural and functional abnormalities within the ECN can distinguish nonFGep and FGep from CN subjects. 
Results: Within the ECN, nonFGep and FGep showed increased local structure (GM) and function (ReHo), and decreased FC between brain regions compared to CN. Also, nonFGep and FGep showed differential patterns of structural and functional abnormalities within the ECN, and these abnormalities are more severe in FGep than in nonFGep. Lastly, FC between the right superior frontal gyrus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with episodic memory scores in nonFGep and FGep. In particular, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier based on structural and functional abnormalities within ECN could accurately distinguish nonFGep and FGep from CN, and FGep from nonFGep on an individual basis with very high accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.
Conclusion: Tumor invasion of the frontal lobe induces local structural and functional reorganization within the ECN, exacerbated by the accompanying epileptic seizures. The ECN abnormalities can accurately distinguish the presence or absence of epileptic seizures in frontal glioma patients. These findings suggest that differential ECN patterns can assist in the early identification and intervention of epileptic seizures in frontal glioma patients.