AUTHOR=Zhang Xiaojun , Wu Wensi , Zheng Zhenzhen , Li Liang , Chen Junjun , Zhong Junying , Zhao Le , Chen Jiawei , Wang Zhi , Meng Fanqing 

TITLE=Mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate improves long-term cognitive impairment after general anesthesia exposure in neonatal mice

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 16 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.990333

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2022.990333

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Background 
Prolonged exposure to general anesthesia (GA) results in long-lasting cognitive impairment, especially during critical stages of brain development. An exaggerated neuroinflammation induced by anesthesia is generally considered to be a key cause of cognitive impairment.
Methods 
Postnatal day 7 (PND 7) mice were exposed to GA by isoflurane inhalation for 6 hours or mock anesthesia. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was intraperitoneally injected daily for 2 weeks, beginning from 30 minutes before anesthesia. The post-anesthesia evaluation included behavioral tests, toluidine blue staining, immunofluorescence and western blot.
Results
Our results demonstrated the long-term cognition were impaired after 6 hours GA exposure in neonatal mice. DSCG treatment ameliorated early mast cells (MCs) degranulation and mast cell tryptase (MCT) expression, which helps to attenuate subsequent neuroinflammation, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and damage to oligodendrocytes and synapses to improve cognitive impairment.
Conclusion
DSCG could effectively improve long-term cognitive impairment after GA exposure in neonatal mice.