AUTHOR=Zia Sana , Islam Aqib Amjad , Muneer Afshan , Fatima Mahreen , Atta Khazeena , Kausar Tasleem , Zaheer C-Neen Fatima , Ahmad Irfan , Saeed Mohd , Shafique Asyia 

TITLE=Insights into nanoparticles-induced neurotoxicity and cope up strategies

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 17 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1127460

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2023.1127460

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Nanoparticle applications are becoming increasingly popular in fields such as photonics, catalysis, magnetics, and biotechnology, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medicines. There is still a great deal of unknown information about the potential toxicity of these products to humans. Nanoparticles can be administered using a variety of methods, including inhalation, oral administration, intravenous administration, and injection. There are different characteristics that characterize different pathways. Bypassing the blood-brain barrier, a sensory nerve-to-brain pathway is a direct neural pathway that bypasses barriers such as those that prevent nanoparticles from entering the brain. The damage caused to sensory neurons and receptors by nanoparticles leads to central neurotoxicity. Through a variety of routes, nanoparticles can penetrate the skin. A variety of routes of exposure to a substance can result in oxidative stress, immune destruction, and genome dysfunction after they are administered to the body. To overcome these complications, plant-based antioxidants, essential oils, and dietary supplements can be used. Nanoparticle transport pathways from sensory nerves to the brain have not been studied in detail. We discuss recent findings regarding the pathways through which nanoparticles enter the brain, how nanoparticles affect sensory receptors and nerves, how they cause central neurotoxicity through sensory nerve pathways, and the possible mechanisms that underlie these effects.