AUTHOR=Mark Ian T. , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Xiao Jaclyn , Cai Lanya T. , Parekh Shalin , Bourla Ioanna , Lazerwitz Maia C. , Rowe Mikaela A. , Marco Elysa J. , Mukherjee Pratik 

TITLE=Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of white matter microstructure in sensory processing dysfunction with versus without comorbid ADHD

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 17 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1136424

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2023.1136424

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=Sensory Processing Dysfunction (SPD) is common yet understudied, affecting up to one in six children with 40% experiencing co-occurring challenges with attention. Our study is the first to examine the neural architecture of SPD with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (SPD+ADHD) versus SPD without ADHD (SPD-ADHD) using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI). SPD+ADHD children had global white matter (WM) Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Neurite Density Index (NDI) that trended lower than SPD-ADHD children, primarily in boys only. Data-driven voxelwise and WM tract-based analysis revealed statistically significant decreases of NDI in boys with SPD+ADHD compared to those with SPD-ADHD, primarily in projection tracts of the internal capsule and commissural fibers of the splenium of the corpus callosum. We conclude that WM microstructure is more delayed/disrupted in boys with SPD+ADHD compared to SPD-ADHD, with NODDI showing a larger effect than DTI. This may represent the combined WM pathology of SPD and ADHD, or it may result from a greater degree of SPD WM pathology causing the development of ADHD.