AUTHOR=Wang Zhan , Wang Likai , Gao Fei , Dai Yongli , Liu Chunqiao , Wu Jingyi , Wang Mengchun , Yan Qinjie , Chen Yaning , Wang Chengbin , Wang Litong 

TITLE=Exploring cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke limb dysfunction rehabilitation: a narrative review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 19 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1405637

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2025.1405637

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=This review delves into the emerging field of cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the rehabilitation of limb dysfunction following a stroke. It synthesizes findings from randomized controlled trials and case studies, examining the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of cerebellar TMS. The review outlines advancements in TMS technologies, such as low-frequency repetitive TMS, intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation, and Cerebello-Motor Paired Associative Stimulation, and their integration with physiotherapy. The role of the cerebellum in motor control, the theoretical underpinnings of cerebellar stimulation on motor cortex excitability, and the indirect effects on cognition and motor learning are explored. Additionally, the review discusses current challenges, including coil types, safety, and optimal timing and modes of stimulation, and suggests future research directions. This comprehensive analysis highlights cerebellar TMS as a promising, though complex, approach in stroke rehabilitation, offering insights for its clinical optimization.