AUTHOR=Li Ling , Guo Xueyang , Yang Zihan , Zhao Yanping , Liu Xu , Yang Junxian , Chen Yanyan , Peng Xinxian , Han Lina 

TITLE=ADHD detection from EEG signals using GCN based on multi-domain features

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 19 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1561994

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2025.1561994

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in children during their early school years. While many researchers have explored automated ADHD detection methods, developing accurate, rapid, and reliable approaches remains challenging.MethodsThis study proposes a graph convolutional neural network (GCN)-based ADHD detection framework utilizing multi-domain electroencephalogram (EEG) features. First, time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted via long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models, respectively. Second, a novel functional connectivity matrix is constructed by fusing phase lag index (PLI) and coherence (COH) features to simultaneously capture phase synchrony and signal intensity consistency between brain regions. Finally, a GCN model integrates these time-frequency features with topological patterns from the connectivity matrix for ADHD classification.ResultsEvaluated on two EEG datasets, the proposed method achieved average accuracies of 97.29% and 96.67%, outperforming comparative models (XGBoost, LightGBM, AdaBoost, random forest). Visualization experiments further revealed distinct brain connectivity distributions between ADHD patients and healthy controls.DiscussionThe fused functional connectivity matrix surpasses traditional single-metric approaches in characterizing brain interactions. By synergistically combining time, frequency, and topological features, the GCN framework enables more precise ADHD detection. This method demonstrates potential for assisting neurologists in clinical diagnosis while providing interpretable neurophysiological insights.