AUTHOR=Giliberto Giovanna , Palacio Maria Itati , Cartocci Giulia , Fernandez-Villalba Emiliano , Rossi Dario , Minguez Nieves , Botia Maria , Cubillana Jose Domingo , Ceron Jose Joaquin , Babiloni Fabio , Herrero Maria Trinidad 

TITLE=Listening effort and stress in tinnitus: a multidimensional approach

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience

VOLUME=Volume 19 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1591622

DOI=10.3389/fnins.2025.1591622

ISSN=1662-453X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionThis study investigated the impact of chronic tinnitus on auditory perception, text comprehension, and physiological stress responses, with a focus on sex-related differences. The main objectives were to assess the influence of sex and stress on tinnitus severity, examine neurophysiological indicators of listening effort, and evaluate the effects of background noise on perceived difficulty and listening pleasantness.Materials and methodsForty-seven participants (24 with tinnitus, 23 controls) performed a listening task involving audiobook excerpts presented at different signal-to-noise ratios. Subjective ratings, comprehension scores, and physiological data were collected, including salivary alpha-amylase, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and EEG-based measures of listening pleasantness.ResultsControl participants outperformed tinnitus participants during the initial quiet condition (p = 0.020), with male controls scoring significantly higher than males with tinnitus (p = 0.008). Tinnitus participants rated listening as less pleasant in both quiet (p = 0.036) and high-noise conditions (p = 0.012). Female participants reported greater difficulty under moderate noise (p = 0.030), while EEG data showed higher enjoyment in males (p = 0.005). Salivary amylase increased post-task (p = 0.016), electrodermal activity differed between the initial and final quiet phases (p < 0.001), and heart rate varied according to noise levels (p = 0.008). Negative correlation emerged between subjective and EEG-based pleasantness in the quiet condition.DiscussionThese findings suggest that tinnitus imposes a measurable cognitive and emotional burden, influenced by both sex and stress responses. They emphasize the need for multimodal, personalized, and gender-sensitive approaches in the assessment and management of tinnitus.