AUTHOR=Moludi Jalal , Shivappa Nitin , Alisgharzadeh Soghra , Hébert James R. , Alizadeh Mohammad 

TITLE=Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Related to Heart Failure Risk and Cardiac Function: A Case–Control Study in Heart Failure Patients

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.605396

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2021.605396

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Aims
Previous studies suggest that diet and inflammation are important risk factors for heart failure(HF); however, the associations remain unclear. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was established to measure the inflammatory capacity of individuals' diet. This study aimed to explore the DII in HF subjects compared to controls. 
Methods and Results
We conducted a case–control (116 cases, 113 controls) study which recruited in the similar clinics. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intakes. N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) levels and ejection fraction(EF) were assed in both groups. In order to analyze DII scores with HF as the outcome, we used conditional logistic regression. A linear regression was applied to explore the associations between the DII and Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). 
There was statistically significant difference in DII scores in cases vs, controls (-0.16± 1.37 vs. -0.33 ± 1.67, p =0.040). Conditional logistic regression has shown that subjects with higher DII scores had higher risk of HF. For every one-point rise in DII score, the odds of having HF increased by 30% (OR: 1.30, CI: 1.03, 1.69, p=0.047). The EF was inversely associated with saturated fatty acid (β= -0.34, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.07; p=0.012). Subjects with higher DII scores, had higher NT pro BNP levels, and had lower EF.  
Conclusion 
The DII score was associated with high probability of HF. It appears that consumption of anti-inflammatory diet may lead to the prevention of HF and therefore suggests that dietary modification with the goal of reducing DII scores could be a valuable strategy for improving clinical outcomes in this patients.