AUTHOR=Le Gresley Adam , Ampem Gilbert , De Mars Simon , Grootveld Martin , Naughton Declan P. 

TITLE=“Real-World” Evaluation of Lipid Oxidation Products and Trace Metals in French Fries From Two Chain Fast-Food Restaurants

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 8 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.620952

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2021.620952

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=The differences in lipid oxidation product and heavy metal concentrations of French fry samples found between two fast-food restaurants in the UK were investigated using high- resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses of extracts derived therefrom, respectively. Over the course of 3 days and 3 different diurnal time periods, samples of French fries (FFs) were analysed, and comparisons of the different oil extraction methods were made for the two global chain fast-food restaurants were undertaken. The magnitude of concentrations of LOPs extracted from FFs is discussed. Significant differences between (E,E)-2,4-alkadienals, E-2-alkenals, aluminium and iron levels between samples from the two restaurants are also reported. Higher levels of redox-active metal ions found did not correlate with higher levels of LOPs in these samples.