AUTHOR=Khorshidi Masoud , Sayyari Aliakbar , Aryaeian Naheed , Olang Beheshteh , Alaei Mohammadreza , Khalili Mitra , Hosseini Amirhossein , Salehi Masoud 

TITLE=Effects of omega-3 supplementation on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.962773

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.962773

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Background Vascular dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the effects of omega-3 consumption on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Method In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 51 adolescents (10–18 years) with T1DM completed the study. Patients receive 600 mg/day (containing 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA) of omega-3 or placebo for 12 weeks. flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, FBS, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, serum insulin (SI), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR), blood pressure, and anthropometries were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention. 
Results Following supplementation, omega-3 significantly increased FMD (3.1±4.2 vs. -0.6±4 %, P=0.006) and decrease TG (-7.4±10.7 vs. -0.1±13.1 mg/dl, P=0.022) compared with the placebo group. However, no significant difference was observed regarding CIMT (-0.005±0.036 vs. 0.003±0.021 mm, P=0.33). hs-CRP significantly decreased within the omega-3 group (P=0.031); however, no significant change was observed compared with placebo group (P=0.221). no significant differences were observed regarding other variables.
Conclusion Given the increment in FMD and reduction in TG, omega-3 supplementation can improve vascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with T1DM patients.