AUTHOR=Zeinalabedini Mobina , Nasli-Esfahani Ensieh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Azadbakht Leila 

TITLE=How is healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 10 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1201010

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1201010

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality and disability among diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluated, how healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 patients with type 2 diabetes. The healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) used as a diet quality indicator. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The fourth CVD risk factor indices (castelli risk index-1 and 2 (CRI-II), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Cholesterol index (CI), Lipid accumulation of plasma (LAP)) were calculated. The anthropometric indices (A body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI)) were computed. 
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest tertile of  HEI had a lower risk of BRI (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29 – 0.95; p-trend = 0.03) and AIP (OR:0.56; 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.94; p-trend = 0.02). Also, HEI and CRI had a marginally significant negative relation (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38 – 1; p-trend = 0.05) in crude model, after adjusting the signification disappeared.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our finding shows that more adherence to HEI reduces about 50% of the risk of AIP, BRI among diabetic patients. Further, large-scale cohort studies in Iran need to confirm these findings, including diabetic patients of various racial, ethnic backgrounds, body composition and different components of HEI.