AUTHOR=Ahern Molly B. , Genschick Sven , Muluku Abraham , Mba Ogan I. , Thilsted Shakuntala H. 

TITLE=Processing of fish products in Zambia for sustainable food systems and nutritious food for the first 1,000 days of life

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1536097

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2025.1536097

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=Background/objectivesFish is a highly perishable food, and in the absence of cold chain technologies, is often preserved using traditional technologies in rural fishing communities of Zambia. High fish losses contribute to food insecurity, malnutrition, and unsustainable food systems in Zambia. The objective of this research was to analyze the nutrient profiles of indigenous fish species and fish products processed using both traditional methods and modern techniques aimed at enhancing food quality, minimizing fish loss and waste, and increasing efficiency. The ultimate goal is to contribute to more environmentally and economically sustainable fish supply chains. We analyzed the proximate, vitamin, mineral and fatty acid composition of ten fish products from inland capture fisheries.MethodsSamples of ten fish products from inland capture fisheries in Zambia were collected and analyzed for their nutrient content. The potential contribution of each species to recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) for pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and infants was calculated.ResultsIron content of fish products ranged from 0.31 to 2.49 mg/100 g, zinc from 0.2 to 1.13 mg/100 g, and calcium from 151.15 to 636.28 mg/100 g. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was high in smoked fish and smoked fish powder processed using improved smoking kilns, which contributed 15–20% of daily DHA requirements for PLW and infants, based on a 25g or 10g serving (respectively). The ten products analyzed contributed 6–33% of daily requirements of DHA for both PLW and infants. Improved techniques for smoking fish resulted in greater content of Vitamins A and E, compared to traditional methods.ConclusionThis article provides evidence of the nutrient content of various fish products processed using traditional and improved technologies which are important for sustaining fish consumption and contributing to food security and nutrition in Zambia in the first 1,000 days of life.