AUTHOR=Li Yuan , Gu Wen , Hao Wen , Xu Yadan , Li Kexin , Zhao Yueliang , Huang Qingyun 

TITLE=Associations of four important dietary pattern scores, micronutrients with sarcopenia and osteopenia in adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1583795

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2025.1583795

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=IntroductionWe aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between four important dietary patterns and micronutrients with sarcopenia and osteopenia. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.MethodsThe association between dietary patterns and micronutrients with sarcopenia and osteopenia was evaluated by logistic regression models. 6709 and 7161 participants were included in the final analyses.ResultsHigher adherence to HEI-2020, aMed, and DASH dietary patterns was inversely associated with sarcopenia risk, with each standard deviation (SD) increment linked to 18%, 16%, and 14% reductions in odds, respectively. However, DII increased the prevalence of sarcopenia and osteopenia by 44% and 8% per SD increase. Dietary intake of vitamins A, B2, B9, C, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and potassium were negatively associated with sarcopenia, whereas vitamins D and K were negatively associated with osteopenia. SIRI and NLR partially mediated the associations among them.DiscussionAdherence to healthy dietary patterns especially anti-inflammatory diet and supplementary micronutrients reduce bone and muscle loss.