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        <title>Frontiers in Nutrition | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Nutrition | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-14T13:49:35.83+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1768802</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1768802</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Joint association of estimated skeletal muscle mass index and prognostic nutritional index with all-cause mortality in individuals with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Fansu Huang</author><author>Cai Gong</author><author>Huan Luo</author><author>Qin Wang</author><author>Yanming Hu</author><author>Ruzhe Zhang</author><author>Yanni Hu</author><author>Tao Hou</author><author>Yangchun Xie</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundThe prognostic interplay between skeletal muscle mass and nutritional/immune status in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. This study investigates the independent and joint association of estimated skeletal muscle mass index (eSMI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with all-cause mortality.MethodsWe analyzed 942 non-metastatic NPC patients. Low muscle mass was defined by sex-specific 20th percentiles of eSMI. PNI was categorized using a clinical cutoff of 45. Patients were stratified into four groups: normal eSMI & high PNI (reference), normal eSMI & Low PNI, low eSMI & high PNI, and low eSMI & low PNI. Multivariate Cox models and a win ratio analysis were used to evaluate joint prognostic value.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 54 months, 204 deaths (21.7%) occurred. In multivariate Cox analysis, low PNI was independently associated with higher risk (HR = 1.68, p = 0.006), while low eSMI alone was not (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.66–1.66). However, the low eSMI & low PNI group exhibited the highest mortality risk (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.32–4.30, p = 0.004). The win ratio analysis confirmed a significant clinical benefit for the normal SMI & high PNI over the low SMI & low PNI group, with a win ratio of 1.547 (95% CI: 1.54–1.56, p < 0.001).ConclusionJoint assessment of eSMI and PNI provides superior risk stratification. Pre-treatment assessment of these simple markers may facilitate targeted nutritional and supportive interventions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1735869</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1735869</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The 5:2 diet induces male-specific weight loss and sex-independent enhancement of lipid storage in mice via activation of GHSR]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Amanda K. E. Hornsby</author><author>Oscar D. T. Powell</author><author>Irina A. Guschina</author><author>Taylor J. Williams</author><author>Katie D. Lines</author><author>Luke D. Roberts</author><author>Jeffrey S. Davies</author><author>Timothy Wells</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionDespite its popularity and reported benefits in humans, preclinical characterization of the broader physiological impact of the 5:2 diet and potential mechanisms of action are lacking.MethodsTo address this deficit, male and female wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the receptor for ghrelin (GHSR) were subjected to the 5:2 diet for 3 or 6 weeks with growth and metabolic outcomes assessed.ResultsThe 5:2 diet reduced weight gain in adolescent male mice by 31% and induced minor weight loss in adult males without affecting body weight in females. Tibial growth rate in adolescent male and female mice was elevated by 9–13%, with marrow adiposity doubled in adolescent males and halved in adolescent females. While these effects in adolescent males were abolished in mice lacking GHSR, adult male weight loss was maintained. Adolescent mice showed rebound hyperphagia on refeeding days without elevating cumulative food intake. The 5:2 diet elevated circulating free fatty acids by 30–57% independent of GHSR. However, inguinal white fat mass was elevated in adolescent males, by 51%, with interscapular brown fat mass elevated in males and females by 37%. The latter was accompanied by increased saturated fatty acid storage, in line with the inverse of thermogenic activity. The hepatic lipid profile was altered without impacting liver weight.DiscussionThus, our data imply that while the 5:2 diet is an effective weight loss strategy in males, it has no impact on body weight in females. Despite elevating skeletal growth and lipolysis in line with the activity of the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis, this is countered by the bi-weekly ghrelin surges to increase fat mass in ghrelin sensitive depots. This combination of metabolic effects is undesirable, especially in the absence of obesity.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1813030</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1813030</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The role of biotics and bioactive compounds in sports injuries: a narrative review]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Kezban Şahin-Demirci</author><author>Nursel Dal</author><author>Buket Gönen-Çolak</author><author>Onur Akman</author><author>Bence Raposa</author><author>Duygu Ağagündüz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Sports injuries affect not just the physical, but also the psychological, social, and professional aspects of athletes’ lives. Preventive strategies, nutrition, and nutritional supplements—especially biotics and bioactive compounds—are crucial for recovery and may help prevent injury recurrence. This review examines biotics and bioactive compounds that may be effective on sports injuries, revealing their potential benefits and safety of use. Using a comparative and interpretive approach, the pertinent literature was thoroughly examined for this review, with a special focus on clinical and preclinical research conducted within the last 5 years. Bioactive compounds and biotics (prebiotics: indigestible substances that support beneficial bacteria; probiotics: live beneficial microorganisms; postbiotics: bioactive microbial metabolites) can improve sports-related injuries by affecting inflammation, mitochondrial function, biogenesis, oxidative stress, and atrophy. Biotics achieve these systemic effects by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating the microbiota. Current literature indicates that some compounds show promise for treating sports injuries, but human study evidence is limited. Animal models provide useful insights for future research. Finally, polyphenolic compounds, amino acids/peptides, and w-3 fatty acids, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can indirectly contribute to muscle regeneration and cell repair, thus supporting the recovery process in athletes. However, it is still too early to make recommendations regarding the use of biotics and bioactive compounds in sports injuries.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1796270</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1796270</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Amino acid and bioactive signatures of yellowfin tuna loins: ocean-specific patterns across major fishing grounds]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mário A. G. Quaresma</author><author>Beatriz Vaz Rezende</author><author>João Silva-Almeida</author><author>Gonçalo Pereira</author><author>Helder Lúcio</author><author>Breixo Ventoso</author><author>Helena Gonçalves</author><author>Maria Leonor Nunes</author><author>Cristina Roseiro</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTunas are among the most valuable and consumed fish worldwide. In 2022, global tuna landings reached 8.3 million tonnes, with Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares; YFT) representing 18.8% of the total, and ranking fifth among the most landed finfish. This study tested three null hypotheses: H01: Total protein content and the amino acid composition do not vary between geographic origin; H02: Bioactive compound profiles do not differ among regions; H03: There are no compositional differences that allow discrimination of tuna by oceanic origin.MethodsSixty loins (20 per ocean) were analyzed for total protein content (Kjeldahl), AA profile (by fluorescence detection), and bioactive molecules (by HPLC-UV/Vis).ResultsProtein content (25.3 g/100 g) and general AA composition confirmed H01, though 11 of 17 AAs differed (p < 0.05). Bioactive compounds were mostly similar (H02), with higher anserine and creatine in Indian Ocean fish. Essential AA indices remained high across samples.ConclusionYFT loins showed consistent total protein content (25.3 g/100 g of edible portion), supporting a ‘high-protein’ nutritional claim, and confirming that protein content and overall amino acid (AA) profile do not differ significantly among specimens from different oceans (H01). Likewise, muscle bioactive compounds were generally comparable across origins (H02), indicating that AA signatures and bioactive compound levels cannot reliably trace geographic origin.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1844290</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1844290</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Marine-derived PUFAs and peptides for aging-related memory deficits: processing methods, pharmacokinetics, mechanistic insights, and clinical application]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Zhiyou Yang</author><author>Wendi Deng</author><author>Qidong Lu</author><author>Zhengyuan Zhou</author><author>Cai Song</author><author>Syeda Noor-ul-Ain Naqvi</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cognitive decline and memory disorders are increasingly prevalent globally, especially in aging populations, imposing substantial social, emotional, and medical burdens on individuals and healthcare systems. Food-derived dietary interventions play a critical role in the prevention and management of these conditions, with marine-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bioactive peptides emerging as promising candidates for enhancing brain health and cognitive function. This review summarizes advanced processing techniques for these bioactive substances, including physicochemical methods for the extraction and purification of PUFAs, as well as enzyme-mediated degradation of marine proteins for peptide production. It also covers their multifaceted mechanisms underlying memory enhancement, such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and cholinergic modulation, supported by preclinical animal studies and preliminary human clinical trials. Finally, existing challenges such as low bioavailability and unstandardized formulations, along with prospects including sustainable production, personalized bioactive blends, and precision nutrition, are discussed. This review first clarifies the complementary neuroprotective mechanisms of marine-derived PUFAs and peptides, and advocates for systematic exploration to translate preclinical findings into clinical applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1853325</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1853325</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Editorial: Recent insights in vegetarian nutrition]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Editorial</category>
        <author>Luciana Baroni</author><author>Alexey V. Galchenko</author><author>Francesca Giampieri</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1837515</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1837515</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Commentary: The impact of dietary inflammation index on benign prostatic hyperplasia: insights from patient data and animal models]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>General Commentary</category>
        <author>Zhihui Li</author><author>Lei Wang</author><author>Liang Zhong</author><author>Dongxiang Zheng</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1825906</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1825906</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of collagen peptide supplementation on bone turnover, cytokine, and inflammatory markers in female distance runners: a randomized pilot study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Nicholas M. Kuhlman</author><author>Andrew R. Jagim</author><author>Christopher N. Blesso</author><author>Michael J. Puglisi</author><author>Ock K. Chun</author><author>Margaret T. Jones</author><author>Jennifer B. Fields</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionFemale distance runners are at elevated risk for impaired bone remodeling due to high mechanical loading, potential low energy availability, and sustained inflammatory stress. Collagen peptide (CP) supplementation has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to support type I collagen synthesis and modulate osteoimmune signaling; however, evidence in premenopausal endurance athletes is limited. This pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of four weeks of high-dose CP supplementation on markers of bone metabolism and inflammatory activity in endurance-trained premenopausal women.MethodsTwenty-two participants (18–35 years; ≥35 miles/week [>56km/week]) were randomized to CP (INT; 20 g/day) or isocaloric maltodextrin (CON). Pre- and post-intervention assessments, conducted in the early follicular phase, included serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), plasma C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), the sRANKL/OPG ratio, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Repeated-measures ANCOVAs were performed, adjusting for accumulated running distance and vitamin D status.ResultsA significant group × time interaction was observed for P1NP (p = 0.04), with increases in INT and no change in CON. No significant interaction was observed for CTX-1 (p = 0.13). Significant interactions were also observed for sRANKL (p = 0.046) and IL-6 (p = 0.03). No significant interaction effects were detected for sRANKL, OPG, or the sRANKL/OPG ratio.DiscussionShort-term CP supplementation increased a marker of bone formation, altered osteoclast-related signaling, and reduced IL-6 in endurance-trained premenopausal women. These findings support the potential for CP-mediated modulation of bone turnover and inflammatory activity and warrant further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials incorporating structural bone outcomes.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1816555</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1816555</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of combining exercise with a 16:8 time-restricted eating protocol on body composition and glucose–lipid metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Hengru Liu</author><author>Guidan Hu</author><author>Xiujie Ma</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundTime-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a promising nutritional strategy for improving metabolic health, yet its additive benefits when combined with structured exercise remain unclear.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of exercise combined with a 16:8 TRE protocol on body composition and glucose–lipid metabolism in adults.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration (CRD420251240058), eight electronic databases were searched through August 2025 for randomized and randomized crossover trials comparing exercise plus 16:8 TRE with exercise alone. Three reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment (ROB 2), and GRADE evaluation. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using R software. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored potential moderators.ResultsFifteen trials involving 511 participants were included. Compared with exercise alone, the combined intervention significantly reduced body weight (MD − 1.44 kg, 95% CI − 2.74 to −0.13) and fat mass (MD − 1.04 kg, 95% CI − 1.95 to −0.13). Significant improvements were also observed in triglycerides (SMD − 0.25, 95% CI − 0.45 to −0.06) and LDL cholesterol (SMD − 0.22, 95% CI − 0.37 to −0.08), while other body composition and glycemic markers showed no significant changes. Greater reductions in body weight and fat mass were observed when TRE was combined with aerobic exercise, and LDL-C reductions were more pronounced in men. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result robustness with minimal publication bias.ConclusionExercise combined with a 16:8 TRE protocol may confer small additional short-term benefits for body weight, fat mass, and selected lipid markers beyond exercise alone. However, the evidence base is limited by the small number of studies, modest sample sizes, and imbalance in participant characteristics across sex and metabolic status. These findings should therefore be interpreted cautiously.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1771862</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1771862</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Systemic Inflammation and its association with functional impairment and mortality in patients with disease-related malnutrition: findings from the AFEDIN cohort]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Alfonso Vidal-Casariego</author><author>Samara Palma Milla</author><author>Juan José López Gómez</author><author>José Manuel García Almeida</author><author>Isabel Vegas Aguilar</author><author>José Manuel Guardia Baena</author><author>Cristina Porca Fernández</author><author>Patricia Mezzerhane Riccardi</author><author>Agustín Ramos Prol</author><author>Pedro Pablo García Luna</author><author>Patricia Pérez Castro</author><author>Natalia C. Iglesias Hernández</author><author>Luis M. Luengo Pérez</author><author>Daniel de Luis Román</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework incorporates inflammation as a key etiologic criterion for diagnosing disease-related malnutrition (DRM), yet the clinical implications of systemic inflammation, particularly as quantified by C-reactive protein (CRP), remain insufficiently characterized.MethodsTo evaluate whether CRP-based inflammation thresholds proposed by GLIM are associated with impaired nutritional status, diminished functional capacity, reduced quality of life, and increased short-term mortality in ambulatory patients with DRM. This prospective, multicenter cohort study (AFEDIN – Analysis of the Etiological Factors of Malnutrition: Inflammation and Intake) included 266 ambulatory patients with DRM and CRP > 3 mg/L. Participants underwent comprehensive nutritional assessment via anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, and nutritional ultrasound, alongside functional testing (handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go, chair stand test), quality of life evaluation (EQ-5D-5L), and inflammatory profiling. Patients were stratified by CRP levels into mild (3–9.9 mg/L), moderate (10–49.9 mg/L), and severe (≥50 mg/L) inflammation groups.ResultsC-reactive protein levels were strongly associated with inflammatory and biochemical markers but not with direct measures of body composition. Higher CRP concentrations correlated with reduced performance on functional tests and increased difficulty with self-care. Mortality increased markedly across CRP strata (1.1%, 11.8%, and 17.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Compared to patients with CRP levels of 3–9.9 mg/L, those with CRP ≥ 50 mg/L had a significantly higher risk of mortality (OR 20.14, 95% CI 2.47–164.1, p < 0.05), as did those with CRP 10–49.9 mg/L (OR 12.53, 95% CI 1.62–97.1, p < 0.05).ConclusionIn ambulatory DRM patients, higher CRP levels predict functional impairment and mortality, highlighting the prognostic utility of CRP within the GLIM framework. Inflammation should be routinely quantified to enhance risk stratification and guide intervention.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1839686</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1839686</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Associations of changes in waist-to-height ratio with all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults: a national cohort study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Juanxia Miao</author><author>Xue Wang</author><author>Kun Huang</author><author>Yiwen Wang</author><author>Shuang Zang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundWaist-to-height ratio, as an anthropometric indicator, is considered a valid tool for assessing the health status of older adults. However, little is known about the associations between changes in waist-to-height ratio and all-cause mortality in older adults. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between changes in waist-to-height ratio and all-cause mortality in Chinese older adults.MethodThis study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2011 to 2018, including a sample of 4,065 participants aged 60 years and over. Changes in waist-to-height ratio were divided into quintiles, with waist-to-height ratio-stable group (change less than 0.01) defined as the reference group. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between changes in waist-to-height ratio and all-cause mortality, adjusted for covariates including demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and health status. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to study the associations between changes in different categories of waist-to-height ratio and all-cause mortality.ResultsThe study documented 1,449 deaths among the 4,065 participants. Changes in waist-to-height ratio were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.68). Compared with participants within waist-to-height ratio-stable group, a decline in waist-to-height ratio of ≥ 0.06 was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.71). The Log-rank statistic showed the largest decrease in waist-to-height ratio and the lowest cumulative survival. There was no significant interaction between the study subgroups.ConclusionThere was an inverse association between changes in waist-to-height and all-cause mortality. Compared with waist-to-height ratio-stable group, participants who had a decline more than 0.06 in waist-to-height ratio had an increased risk of all-cause mortality. This suggested that changes in waist-to-height ratio may be a simple and effective indicator of mortality risk for older adults.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1823112</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1823112</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Integrating sarcopenia into ICU-acquired weakness risk stratification: a machine learning–based prediction model for critical care]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Peng Zheng</author><author>Xinwei Liu</author><author>Chunxia Zhang</author><author>Wei Zhang</author><author>Sheng Yang</author><author>Yong Chen</author><author>Yong Ye</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundSarcopenia is closely associated with weakness in elderly and various chronic disease populations. However, its specific role as a predisposing factor for ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) in critically ill patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia is a predictor of ICU-AW and to develop a machine learning-based prediction model integrating sarcopenia for risk stratification.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on data from a prospectively maintained database. A total of 1,324 critically ill patients were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set (n = 927) and a validation set (n = 397) in a 7:3 ratio. Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring the skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level using computed tomography. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and the Boruta algorithm were employed to identify key predictors. 10 machine learning models were developed and their predictive performance was compared. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was used to quantify the feature importance of each predictor in the optimal model.ResultsSix predictors were identified by intersecting the results from LASSO regression and the Boruta algorithm in the training set: age, APACHE II score, sarcopenia, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and lactic acid. Among the 10 machine learning models developed, the XGBoost model exhibited the best overall predictive performance in the training set, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.807–0.868) and the lowest Brier score of 0.137. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves confirmed its stable clinical predictive value. SHAP analysis revealed that sarcopenia ranked as the third most important predictor, following APACHE II and age. In the validation set, the XGBoost model maintained excellent discriminative ability and predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.843 (95% CI: 0.804–0.882) and good calibration, demonstrating a positive net benefit across a threshold probability range of 9%−92%.ConclusionSarcopenia is an important predictor of ICU-AW in critically ill patients. Integrating sarcopenia into the XGBoost model effectively identifies high-risk patients, providing a valuable tool for early risk stratification in intensive care settings.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1814668</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1814668</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The effects of resveratrol on endothelial progenitor cells and apoptosis biomarkers in postmenopausal women with chronic coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho</author><author>Verônica Coelho</author><author>Sandra Maria Monteiro</author><author>Célia Maria Cassaro Strunz</author><author>Jorge Kalil</author><author>Antonio de Padua Mansur</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Background and aimsMenopause is an important cardiovascular risk factor in women likely due to marked estrogen decline. Estrogens affect key processes in atherosclerosis, maintaining endothelial integrity by inhibiting endothelial apoptosis and promoting regeneration through endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Phytoestrogens, such as resveratrol, have therapeutic potential for women’s cardiovascular health. The present study aimed to determine whether resveratrol modulated circulating apoptosis biomarkers and EPCs in postmenopausal women with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsTwenty postmenopausal women with chronic CHD were allocated to an intervention group receiving 1,000 mg of resveratrol or placebo for 90 days. Circulating markers of apoptosis (caspases 3 and 9, survivin, cIAP2, XIAP, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, sTNFR2, and S100A12), SIRT1 and 3, cytokines and EPCs were assessed.ResultsAt the end of the study, the resveratrol group showed an increase in serum cIAP2 (p = 0.018) and Bcl-2 (p = 0.043), and a decrease in caspase-9 (B = −7.152, 95%CI = −13.554 to −0.751) and in circulating CD34+/KDR+ (B = −0.200, 95%CI = −0.304 to −0.096). In addition, XIAP levels were lower than placebo group (p = 0.047). No significant differences were observed for sirtuins, cytokines, lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure.ConclusionResveratrol increased serum Bcl-2 and cIAP2, and also reduced caspase 9 and circulating EPCs in postmenopausal women with chronic CHD, likely unrelated to circulating SIRT1 and SIRT3. The effects of resveratrol treatment in this population group should be assessed with caution, as a reduction in EPCs is associated with impaired endothelial function and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1789423</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1789423</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous trajectories of nutritional support needs in patient–caregiver dyads following radical esophagectomy: a latent class growth analysis]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wei Guo</author><author>Jing Cui</author><author>Yiqian Ni</author><author>Yanhua Li</author><author>Bowen Shi</author><author>Xue Liu</author><author>Wenqian Qi</author><author>Yi Zhang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionPatients with esophageal cancer are at high risk of malnutrition, with family caregivers playing an indispensable role in nutritional management. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous changes of nutritional support needs of patients after radical esophagectomy, viewed from the perspectives of both patients and their caregivers, remain poorly understood. This may potentially hinder the development of timely and tailored interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of nutritional support needs within patient–caregiver dyads and identify distinct patterns of change over time, and explore associated influencing factors.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study recruited 159 patient–caregiver dyads from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China, between August 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected at four time points: pre-discharge (T1), 2 weeks (T2) post-discharge, 1 month (T3) post-discharge, and 3 months (T4) post-discharge. The Questionnaire of Nutritional Needs in Patients after Esophagectomy (QNN-E) was used to assess dyadic nutritional support needs. Trajectory homogeneity and heterogeneity were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling and latent class growth analysis. Baseline factors, including General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), quality of life (QLQ-OES18), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), were examined as predictors of trajectory membership.ResultsThe nutritional support needs of patient–caregiver dyads declined over time. Significant heterogeneity was observed in therapeutic diet preparation, symptom surveillance and complication management. For therapeutic diet preparation, two distinct trajectories emerged in the patients (Consistently Stable Needs [16.4%] and Delayed Needs Escalation [83.6%]), influenced by enteral access type and nutritional status. The trajectories of the family caregivers (High-need Declining [47.2%] and High-need Sustenance [52.8%]) were associated with educational level and relationship to the patient. In symptom surveillance and complication management, the trajectories of the patients were influenced by basic activities of daily living, while the trajectories of the caregivers were linked to the presence of other caregivers.ConclusionThe findings revealed significant heterogeneity in the postoperative nutritional support needs of patient-caregiver dyads, influenced by distinct factors. As primary providers of postoperative home-based nutritional care, caregivers’ needs provide valuable insights for a more comprehensive understanding of postoperative nutritional care requirements. Continuity of nutritional care for patients with esophageal cancer should be grounded in dynamic and holistic assessments of their support needs, enabling personalized interventions at critical time points to improve postoperative recovery outcomes and care effectiveness.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1797836</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1797836</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Association of low-calorie sweetened product consumption and intakes of free sugar and dietary patterns in UK adults: a national study from 2008 to 2019]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Mathuramat Seesen</author><author>Kiara Chang</author><author>Christopher Millett</author><author>Fernanda Rauber</author><author>Renata B. Levy</author><author>Mathilde Touvier</author><author>Edward W. Gregg</author><author>Eszter P. Vamos</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionEvidence on the effects of low- and no-calorie sweetened (LCS) product consumption on overall dietary patterns remains limited, despite their frequent promotion as healthier alternatives. This study assessed the association between LCS product consumption and both the levels and temporal trends in free sugar intake and overall dietary patterns among UK adults.MethodsAnnual cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) from 2008/09 to 2018/19 were analyzed. Adults aged ≥18 years (N = 8,304) were categorized into four levels of LCS product consumption: non-consumers (No-LCS) and three tertiles of consumers (Low-LCS: ≤75.0 g/day, Mid-LCS: >75.0–216.8 g/day, and High-LCS: >216.8 g/day), as measured by four-day food diaries. The associations between LCS product consumption and intakes of free sugar, energy, and minimally processed and ultra-processed foods as determined by the Nova classification were analyzed using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic factors.ResultsIn 2008/09, 45.9% of participants consumed LCS products, and this proportion remained stable over the 11-year period. Among LCS product consumers, the median LCS product intake increased significantly from 132.0 g/d in 2008/09 to 170.0 g/d in 2018/19. In the No-LCS group, free sugar and energy intakes decreased by −1.0 g/d (95% CI, −1.4 to −0.6) and −6.7 kcal/d (95% CI, −11.4 to −2.1) per year, respectively, with similar declines observed for the High-LCS group. In 2008/09, the mean water and minimally processed food consumption was lower in the High-LCS than the No-LCS group, by −141.2 g/d (95% CI, −203.8 to −78.6) and −306.3 g/d (95% CI, −359.5 to −216.7), respectively, and this difference persisted throughout the study period.DiscussionLCS consumption does not appear to align with potentially beneficial dietary patterns regarding free sugar, ultra-processed food and beverage, and minimally processed food and beverage intakes. These findings underline the importance of policies to consider overall dietary patterns that also address LCS consumption alongside reducing free sugar intake.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1815146</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1815146</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Intermittent fasting alleviates irradiation-induced neuronal mitochondrial damage in mice]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yaqi Li</author><author>Xingwen Fan</author><author>Yulei Pei</author><author>Kailiang Wu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[PurposesRadiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common side effect of cranial radiotherapy. Intermittent fasting (IF) decreases the risk of Brain aging disease by affecting mitochondrial function. We examined the effects of IF on mitochondrial function, neurogenesis, morphology of hippocampal neurons and cognitive abilities in a whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) mouse model.Methods6–8 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice received 10 Gy WBRT. IF group mice were subjected to cycles of 24 h food restriction followed by 48 h ad libitum access to food. Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of mice hippocampus and the ATP concentrations were evaluated at 6 h and 6 weeks post-irradiation. The hippocampal neurons were analyzed by Golgi staining with ImageJ. Animal behavior and newborn neurons (DCX+) were assessed 6 weeks after WBRT.ResultsThe proportion of swollen mitochondria in hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased in the IF+WBRT group than the WBRT (p = 0.0005) group at 6 h post-irradiation; At 6 weeks post-irradiation, the proportion of swollen mitochondria in the WBRT group remained significantly greater than that in the control group (p = 0.0003). ATP concentrations were higher in the IF+WBRT group than in the WBRT group (p = 0.0576). DCX+ numbers (p = 0.0049), neuron length (p = 0.0021), numbers of branches (p = 0.0262) and branch points (p = 0.0098) were significantly greater in the IF+WBRT group than in the WBRT group. Compared with the WBRT group, the IF + WBRT group presented significantly shorter open-arm time in the elevated plus-maze test (p = 0.0082).ConclusionsIF mitigates RIBI by reducing mitochondrial damage, promoting neurogenesis, and partially restoring ATP levels at the early stage, although its behavioral effects remain limited. The beneficial effect of IF is time-dependent and more prominent in the acute phase of RIBI.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1864785</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1864785</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Correction: Impact of maternal hypothyroidism on human milk macronutrient content and fatty acid composition: a prospective cohort study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Correction</category>
        <author>Shahad Alodhaybi</author><author>Manal Abdulaziz Binobaed</author><author>Rasha Homoud AlAnazi</author><author>Nora Elwehedy</author><author>Muneera Baraja</author><author>Fatimah Yousef Aljawoan</author><author>Waleed Tamimi</author><author>Lamia Mohammed Elamin</author><author>Azza Madkhali</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1818450</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1818450</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review highlighting the gap in phenotype-defined randomized controlled trials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Systematic Review</category>
        <author>Cristina Russo</author><author>Maria Stella Valle</author><author>Sofia Surdo</author><author>Michele Tuttobene</author><author>Maria Teresa Cambria</author><author>Lucia Malaguarnera</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundSarcopenic obesity (SO) is an inflammatory-metabolic condition characterized by the coexistence of excess adiposity and impaired skeletal muscle mass and function. Vitamin D and resveratrol modulate regulatory pathways implicated in SO pathophysiology, including NF-κB signaling, PGC-1α, mitochondrial regulation, and redox balance. Whether this mechanistic rationale has translated into phenotype-defined randomized clinical trials remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a systematic dual-track search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating isolated vitamin D or resveratrol supplementation in adults with explicitly defined sarcopenic obesity or meeting implicit SO phenotype criteria, defined as the concurrent presence of adiposity and objective muscle impairment at baseline. Trials lacking confirmation of both components at enrollment were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0.ResultsThe search retrieved five records (PubMed n = 5; Scopus n = 0; Web of Science n = 0). Following full-text assessment, none met eligibility criteria requiring baseline confirmation of both adiposity and sarcopenia together with isolated vitamin D or resveratrol supplementation (n = 0). Retrieved RCTs in related populations did not simultaneously require adiposity and muscle impairment as enrollment criteria. As a result, no phenotype-defined interventional evidence specific to sarcopenic obesity was identified.ConclusionDespite compelling mechanistic convergence, randomized interventional evidence in strictly defined sarcopenic obesity populations is currently lacking. Future RCTs must adopt phenotype-defined enrollment strategies integrating adiposity, muscle dysfunction, and mechanistic endpoints to determine whether micronutrient signaling can meaningfully modify outcomes in SO.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261307248, identifier PROSPERO (CRD420261307248).]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1784292</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1784292</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Association between CVAI-defined body composition phenotypes and prediabetes outcomes in Chinese adults undergoing health check-ups: a cross-sectional study]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ren Lin</author><author>Wang Jiang</author><author>Dan Wang</author><author>Lijuan Xu</author><author>Yaling Du</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundPrediabetes presents a critical opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications. Both visceral adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass are closely linked to insulin resistance; however, it remains unclear whether body composition phenotypes—defined by relative muscle mass and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), which is a validated measure of visceral fat accumulation in Chinese adults—are differentially associated with specific prediabetes outcomes. Therefore, we examined the associations between CVAI-defined body composition phenotypes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), elevated HbA1c levels, and composite prediabetes and compared the discriminatory performance of the CVAI with that of BMI and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).MethodsData obtained from 3,905 adults who attended a health check-up center in 2024 were analyzed. Participants were classified into four body composition phenotypes: Normal, low relative muscle mass alone, visceral obesity alone, and combined low relative muscle mass with visceral obesity. Associations with each prediabetes outcome were estimated using logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across three models: Model 1, unadjusted; Model 2, adjusted for age and sex; and Model 3, further adjusted for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The discriminatory performance of the CVAI, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), with between-index comparisons conducted using the DeLong test.ResultsAmong the 3,905 adults, the phenotype distribution was as follows: 68.0% had a normal phenotype, 6.9% had low relative muscle mass alone, 11.9% had visceral obesity alone, and 13.2% had a combination of low relative muscle mass and visceral obesity. After adjusting for age and sex, the phenotype combining low relative muscle mass with visceral obesity showed the strongest associations with IFG, elevated HbA1c levels, and composite prediabetes (ORs 2.42–2.84). In contrast, obesity alone remained associated with elevated HbA1c levels and composite prediabetes, and low relative muscle mass alone was not independently associated. These findings remained materially unchanged in the extended confounder-adjusted model.ConclusionThe phenotype characterized by low relative muscle mass combined with high CVAI-defined visceral adiposity was most strongly associated with impaired fasting glucose, elevated HbA1c levels, and composite prediabetes, whereas low relative muscle mass alone showed no independent association after adjustment. The CVAI also demonstrated better discrimination of abnormal glycemia compared to BMI and the waist-to-height ratio.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1818219</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1818219</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From nutrient-based to food-based assessment: the evolution of inflammatory indices and their significance for metabolic syndrome and type 3 diabetes mellitus]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Li Tao</author><author>Yangtao Liu</author><author>Jiayi Li</author><author>Jie Zhang</author><author>Huan Zhao</author><author>Kang Luo</author><author>Yuan Gao</author><author>Jun Mu</author><author>Qinghuan Yang</author><author>Zhiwen Yan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Chronic low-grade inflammation has emerged as the pivotal driver connecting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to neurodegenerative disorders, a pathological continuum increasingly recognized as “Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus” (T3DM). Diet, as a primary modifiable lifestyle factor, plays a dual role as both an inflammatory trigger and a potential therapeutic target. This review systematically delineates the methodological evolution of dietary inflammatory indices, shifting from the reductionist, nutrient-centric logic of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to the systemic, “food-matrix-based” logic of the recently proposed Food Inflammation Index (FII). We provide an in-depth mechanistic synthesis of the gut-metabolism-brain axis, illustrating how high-inflammatory diets initiate a malignant cascade: beginning with gut dysbiosis and barrier leakage, followed by immunometabolic reprogramming of adipose tissue, and culminating in the “Trojan Horse” effect at the blood–brain barrier. This process facilitates amyloid-beta accumulation and bioenergetic crises, forming the molecular basis of T3DM. While the DII remains an irreplaceable tool for large-scale historical and cross-cultural epidemiological research, we argue that the FII represents an important methodological advancement toward precision nutrition. By quantifying intra-group heterogeneity and capturing whole-food effects, the FII is designed to address the clinical “translation bottleneck” of nutrient-based assessments. Furthermore, we explore the clinical integration of the Food Inflammation Scores of Individuals (FISI) with digital health platforms and artificial intelligence, proposing novel, pre-emptive tools such as Children’s FISI (C-FISI) and Pregnancy FISI (P-FISI) for life-cycle management. This review bridges the gap between nutrition science and neuro-metabolic pathology, providing a novel theoretical framework and practical tools for the integrated management of MetS and the early prevention of T3DM.]]></description>
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