AUTHOR=Boscolo Daria , Kostyleva Daria , Safari Mohammad Javad , Anagnostatou Vasiliki , Äystö Juha , Bagchi Soumya , Binder Tim , Dedes Georgios , Dendooven Peter , Dickel Timo , Drozd Vasyl , Franczack Bernhard , Geissel Hans , Gianoli Chiara , Graeff Christian , Grahn Tuomas , Greiner Florian , Haettner Emma , Haghani Roghieh , Harakeh Muhsin N. , Horst Felix , Hornung Christine , Hucka Jan-Paul , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kazantseva Erika , Kindler Birgit , Knöbel Ronja , Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein Natalia , Lommel Bettina , Mukha Ivan , Nociforo Chiara , Ishikawa Shunki , Lovatti Giulio , Nitta Munetaka , Ozoemelam Ikechi , Pietri Stephane , Plaß Wolfgang R. , Prochazka Andrej , Purushothaman Sivaji , Reidel Claire-Anne , Roesch Heidi , Schirru Fabio , Schuy Christoph , Sokol Olga , Steinsberger Timo , Tanaka Yoshiki K. , Tanihata Isao , Thirolf Peter , Tinganelli Walter , Voss Bernd , Weber Uli , Weick Helmut , Winfield John S. , Winkler Martin , Zhao Jianwei , Scheidenberger Christoph , Parodi Katia , Durante Marco ,  the Super-FRS Experiment Collaboration 

TITLE=Radioactive Beams for Image-Guided Particle Therapy: The BARB Experiment at GSI

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.737050

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2021.737050

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p>Several techniques are under development for image-guidance in particle therapy. Positron (β<sup>+</sup>) emission tomography (PET) is in use since many years, because accelerated ions generate positron-emitting isotopes by nuclear fragmentation in the human body. In heavy ion therapy, a major part of the PET signals is produced by β<sup>+</sup>-emitters generated <italic>via</italic> projectile fragmentation. A much higher intensity for the PET signal can be obtained using β<sup>+</sup>-radioactive beams directly for treatment. This idea has always been hampered by the low intensity of the secondary beams, produced by fragmentation of the primary, stable beams. With the intensity upgrade of the SIS-18 synchrotron and the isotopic separation with the fragment separator FRS in the FAIR-phase-0 in Darmstadt, it is now possible to reach radioactive ion beams with sufficient intensity to treat a tumor in small animals. This was the motivation of the BARB (Biomedical Applications of Radioactive ion Beams) experiment that is ongoing at GSI in Darmstadt. This paper will present the plans and instruments developed by the BARB collaboration for testing the use of radioactive beams in cancer therapy.</p>