AUTHOR=Ma Jiachi , Zhang Chensong , Liang Wanqing , Li Lei , Du Jun , Pan Chengwu , Chen Bangling , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Yuanpeng 

TITLE=ω-3 and ω-6  Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Regulate the Proliferation, Invasion and Angiogenesis of Gastric Cancer Through COX/PGE Signaling Pathway

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.802009

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.802009

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 and ω-6 and their metabolites prostaglandin PGE2 and PGE3 on proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. 
Methods
RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in gastric cancer cell lines. The effect of ω-3, ω-6, PFG2 and PEG3 on the proliferation, invasion and neovascularization of gastric cancer cells were measured by cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis assay in vitro. COX-2 siRNA was transfected into gastric cancer cells, and the expression of COX-2 protein was detected by Western blot. COX-2 gene silencing influenced matastic potential of gastric cancer cells were detected by WST-1, transwell chamber and angiogenesis assay, respectively. 
Results
COX-2 was only expressed in MKN74 and MKN45 cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with positive COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PEG2 could significantly enhance the proliferation, invasion and neovascularization of gastric cancer cells, and after transfection with COX-2 siRNA, the effects of ω-6 and PEG2 on enhancing the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were significantly attenuated; ω-3 and PEG3 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and neovascularization of gastric cancer cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with negative COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PEG2 had no significant effect on the proliferation, invasion and neovascularization of gastric cancer; ω-3 and PEG3 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer.
Conclusion
ω-6 PUFAs reinforce the metastatic potential energy of gastric cancer cells via COX-2/PGE2; ω-3 PUFAs inhibit the metastatic potential energy of gastric cancer via COX-1/PGE3.