AUTHOR=Li Feng , Xu Wensheng , Feng Yujin , Wang Wengang , Tian Hui , He Suhuan , Li Liang , Xiang Bai , Wang Yueheng 

TITLE=Preparation of ultrasound contrast agents: The exploration of the structure-echogenicity relationship of contrast agents based on neural network model

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.964314

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.964314

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=22	There is a need to standardize the process of micro/nanobubble preparation to
23	bring it closer to clinical translation. We explored a neural network-based
24	model to predict the structure-echogenicity relationship for the preparation
25	and fabrication of ultrasound-enhanced contrast agents. Seven formulations
26	were screened, and 109 measurements were obtained. An artificial neural
27	network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) model was used. The original data
28	were divided into training and testing groups, which included 73 and 36 groups
29	of data, respectively. The hidden layer was selected from three hidden layers
30	and included bias. The classification graph showed that the predicted values of
31	the training and testing groups were 76.7% and 66.7%, respectively. According
32	to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the accuracy of different
33	imaging effects could achieve a prediction rate of 88.1–96.5%. The percentage
 

34	graph showed that the data were gradually converging. The predictive analysis
35	curves of different ultrasound effects gradually approached a plane.
36	Normalized importance predicted contributions for the Pk1, poly-dispersity
37	index (PDI), and intensity account were 100%, 98.5%, and 98.7%, respectively.
38	Application of the ANN-MLP model is feasible and effective in exploring the
39	synthesis process of ultrasound contrast agents. 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-
40	phosphoethanolamine-N-(methoxy[polyethylene glycol]-2000) (DSPE-PEG-2000)
41	correlated highly with the success rate of contrast agent synthesis.